Toplam 498 içerik listeleniyor
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Parazitolojiye Giriş
Öğrencilerin Öğrenmesi Beklenilen Noktalar 1.Parazitler anlatılırken, parazitizmin özünü anlamak. 2.Parazitolojide kullanılan terimler (terminoloji) ile aşina olmak 3.Taxanomic şemaları kullanarak parazitleri sınıflandırmak 4.Hedeflenen paraziti bilimsel (genus-cins, species- tür) ve halk arasındaki adı ile tanımak, patalojisini, ekonomik etkisini ve kullanılan ilaçlara cevabını öğrenmek. 5.Her parazit için asıl konakçıyı yada konakçı gurubunu bilmek....
https://www.biyologlar.com/parazitolojiye-giris -
Cells are crawling all over our bodies, but how?
For better and for worse, human health depends on a cell's motility –– the ability to crawl from place to place. In every human body, millions of cells –are crawling around doing mostly good deeds ––– though if any of those crawlers are cancerous, watch out.
https://www.biyologlar.com/cells-are-crawling-all-over-our-bodies-but-how -
The genetic evolution of Zika virus
This is a phylogenetic tree constructed from nucleotide data from 41 viral complete ORF sequences of ZIKV strains An analysis comparing the individual differences between over 40 strains of Zika virus (30 isolated from humans, 10 from mosquitoes, and 1 from monkeys) has identified significant changes in both amino acid and nucleotide sequences during the past half-century. The data, published April 15 in Cell Host & Microbe, support a strong divergence between the Asian and African lineages as...
https://www.biyologlar.com/the-genetic-evolution-of-zika-virus-haber-8121 -
How the brain produces consciousness in 'time slices'
EPFL scientists propose a new way of understanding of how the brain processes unconscious information into our consciousness. According to the model, consciousness arises only in time intervals of up to 400 milliseconds, with gaps of unconsciousness in between.
https://www.biyologlar.com/how-the-brain-produces-consciousness-in-apostime-slices-apos-haber-8715 -
Scientists find brain cells that know which end is up
People are intuitive physicists, knowing from birth how objects under the influence of gravity are likely to fall, topple or roll. In a new study, scientists have found the brain cells apparently responsible for this innate wisdom.
https://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-find-brain-cells-that-know-which-end-is-up-haber-8720 -
Building a CRISPR rainbow
CRISPRainbow, a new technology using CRISPR/Cas9 developed by scientists at UMass Medical School, allows researchers to tag and track up to seven different genomic locations in live cells. This labeling system, details of which were published in Nature Biotechnology, will be an invaluable tool for studying the structure of the genome in real time.
https://www.biyologlar.com/building-a-crispr-rainbow-haber-8722 -
Degenerating neurons respond to gene therapy treatment for Alzheimer's disease
Degenerating neurons in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) measurably responded to an experimental gene therapy in which nerve growth factor (NGF) was injected into their brains, report researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine in the current issue of JAMA Neurology.
https://www.biyologlar.com/degenerating-neurons-respond-to-gene-therapy-treatment-for-alzheimer-aposs-disease-haber-8762 -
Genomda İnsan Beyni İçin Önemli Endojenik Retrovirüsler
Brattas ve ark. ERV'lerin insan sinir öncü hücrelerinde TRIM28 ile bağlandığını bildirmiştir. Bu, gelişmekte olan insan beynindeki transkripsiyonel ağların kontrolünde ERV'ler için bir rol teşkil ederek, yakın gen ekspresyonunu etkileyen yerel heterokromatin oluşturulmasına neden olur.
https://www.biyologlar.com/genomda-insan-beyni-icin-onemli-endojenik-retrovirusler -
Genomda İnsan Beyni İçin Önemli Endojenik Retrovirüsler
Brattas ve ark. ERV'lerin insan sinir öncü hücrelerinde TRIM28 ile bağlandığını bildirmiştir. Bu, gelişmekte olan insan beynindeki transkripsiyonel ağların kontrolünde ERV'ler için bir rol teşkil ederek, yakın gen ekspresyonunu etkileyen yerel heterokromatin oluşturulmasına neden olur.
https://www.biyologlar.com/genomda-insan-beyni-icin-onemli-endojenik-retrovirusler -
Marsili Sendromu
Acı ne demek aslında acı vücudumuzun işleyişindeki aksaklıklar olarak nitelendirebiliriz. Baş ağrısı ,diş ağrısı, eklem ağrıları ve daha bir çoğu biz insanoğlu için bazen dayanamayacak derecede şiddetli olabilirler.
https://www.biyologlar.com/marsili-sendromu -
Marsili Sendromu
Acı ne demek aslında acı vücudumuzun işleyişindeki aksaklıklar olarak nitelendirebiliriz. Baş ağrısı ,diş ağrısı, eklem ağrıları ve daha bir çoğu biz insanoğlu için bazen dayanamayacak derecede şiddetli olabilirler.
https://www.biyologlar.com/marsili-sendromu -
Papağan Balığı Hakkında Her Şey
Fotoğrafta görülen iki renkli papağan balığı ( Cetoscarus bicolor ) 1829'da Rüppell tarafından tanımlandı . Güzel renkli papağan balıklarının yaşamı boyunca şeklini, rengini ve hatta cinsiyetini değiştirdiği biliyor musunuz?
https://www.biyologlar.com/papagan-baligi-hakkinda-her-sey -
Papağan Balığı Hakkında Her Şey
Fotoğrafta görülen iki renkli papağan balığı ( Cetoscarus bicolor ) 1829'da Rüppell tarafından tanımlandı . Güzel renkli papağan balıklarının yaşamı boyunca şeklini, rengini ve hatta cinsiyetini değiştirdiği biliyor musunuz?
https://www.biyologlar.com/papagan-baligi-hakkinda-her-sey -
Yağmur yağacağını koklayabiliyor musun?
Ozon kokusu Araştırmacı Anja Røyne, "Yağmur yağmadan önce, yağmur sırasında ve sonrasında farklı şeyler koklayabiliriz" diyor. Ve bunun ilginç nedenleri var. "Yağmur yağmadan önce, biz insanlar ozon kokusunu hissedebiliyoruz. Özellikle de önce gök gürültülü fırtınalar ve şimşekler varsa" diyor. Ozonu duyduğunuzda, Dünya'nın çok üzerindeki ozon tabakasını düşünebilirsiniz. Bu biraz Dünya’nın güneş kremi gibi çalışır ve biz insanları güneşten...
https://www.biyologlar.com/yagmur-yagacagini-koklayabiliyor-musun -
Yağmur yağacağını koklayabiliyor musun?
Ozon kokusu Araştırmacı Anja Røyne, "Yağmur yağmadan önce, yağmur sırasında ve sonrasında farklı şeyler koklayabiliriz" diyor. Ve bunun ilginç nedenleri var. "Yağmur yağmadan önce, biz insanlar ozon kokusunu hissedebiliyoruz. Özellikle de önce gök gürültülü fırtınalar ve şimşekler varsa" diyor. Ozonu duyduğunuzda, Dünya'nın çok üzerindeki ozon tabakasını düşünebilirsiniz. Bu biraz Dünya’nın güneş kremi gibi çalışır ve biz insanları güneşten...
https://www.biyologlar.com/yagmur-yagacagini-koklayabiliyor-musun -
Stem cells + nanofibers = Promising nerve research
Every week in his clinic at the University of Michigan, neurologist Joseph Corey, M.D., Ph.D., treats patients whose nerves are dying or shrinking due to disease or injury.
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cells-nanofibers-promising-nerve-research -
RNA from Trained Aplysia Can Induce an Epigenetic Engram for Long-Term Sensitization in Untrained Aplysia.
Abstract The precise nature of the engram, the physical substrate of memory, remains uncertain. Here, it is reported that RNA extracted from the central nervous system of Aplysia given long-term sensitization training induced sensitization when injected into untrained animals; furthermore, the RNA-induced sensitization, like training-induced sensitization, required DNA methylation. In cellular experiments, treatment with RNA extracted from trained animals was found to increase excitability...
https://www.biyologlar.com/rna-from-trained-aplysia-can-induce-an-epigenetic-engram-for-long-term-sensitization-in-untrained-aplysia- -
RNA from Trained Aplysia Can Induce an Epigenetic Engram for Long-Term Sensitization in Untrained Aplysia.
Abstract The precise nature of the engram, the physical substrate of memory, remains uncertain. Here, it is reported that RNA extracted from the central nervous system of Aplysia given long-term sensitization training induced sensitization when injected into untrained animals; furthermore, the RNA-induced sensitization, like training-induced sensitization, required DNA methylation. In cellular experiments, treatment with RNA extracted from trained animals was found to increase excitability...
https://www.biyologlar.com/rna-from-trained-aplysia-can-induce-an-epigenetic-engram-for-long-term-sensitization-in-untrained-aplysia- -
B hücreleri, T hücrelerini beyne yönlendirir.
Multipl sklerozlu hastaların beyin dokusuna kendiliğinden giden T hücreleri, antijenle deneyimlenen B hücreleri tarafından yönlendirilir.
https://www.biyologlar.com/b-hucreleri-t-hucrelerini-beyne-yonlendirir- -
B hücreleri, T hücrelerini beyne yönlendirir.
Multipl sklerozlu hastaların beyin dokusuna kendiliğinden giden T hücreleri, antijenle deneyimlenen B hücreleri tarafından yönlendirilir.
https://www.biyologlar.com/b-hucreleri-t-hucrelerini-beyne-yonlendirir- -
X Kromozomu
X kromozomu, insanlarda bulunan iki cinsiyet kromozomundan biridir. Diğeri ise Y kromozomudur.
https://www.biyologlar.com/x-kromozomu-1 -
Magnetic nanoparticles could be key to effective immunotherapy
In recent years, researchers have hotly pursued immunotherapy, a promising form of treatment that relies on harnessing and training the body's own immune system to better fight cancer and infection. Now, results of a study led by Johns Hopkins investigators suggests that a device composed of a magnetic column paired with custom-made magnetic nanoparticles may hold a key to bringing immunotherapy into widespread and successful clinical use. A summary of the research, conducted in mouse and human...
https://www.biyologlar.com/magnetic-nanoparticles-could-be-key-to-effective-immunotherapy -
Blocking cells' movement to stop the spread of cancer
Insights into how cells move through the body could lead to innovative techniques to stop cancer cells from spreading and causing secondary tumours, according to new UCL research. Scientists discovered that cells can change into an invasive, liquid-like state to readily navigate the narrow channels in our body. This transformation is triggered by chemical signals, which could be blocked in order to stop cancer cells from spreading. Most cancer deaths are not due to primary tumours, but to...
https://www.biyologlar.com/blocking-cells-movement-to-stop-the-spread-of-cancer -
One of the last strongholds for Western chimpanzees
When Liberia enters the news it is usually in the context of civil war, economic crisis, poverty or a disease outbreak such as the recent emergence of Ebola in West Africa. Liberia's status as a biodiversity hotspot and the fact that it is home to some of the last viable and threatened wildlife populations in West Africa has received little media attention in the past. This is partly because the many years of violent conflict in Liberia, from 1989 to 1997 and from 2002 to 2003, thwarted efforts...
https://www.biyologlar.com/one-of-the-last-strongholds-for-western-chimpanzees -
Stem-cell-based strategy boosts immune system in mice
Raising hopes for cell-based therapies, UC San Francisco researchers have created the first functioning human thymus tissue from embryonic stem cells in the laboratory. The researchers showed that, in mice, the tissue can be used to foster the development of white blood cells the body needs to mount healthy immune responses and to prevent harmful autoimmune reactions. The scientists who developed the thymus cells — which caused the proliferation and maturation of functioning immune cells...
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cell-based-strategy-boosts-immune-system-in-mice -
Biyolojik Savaşmı Sinir Savaşımı ?
Biyolojik savaş eskiden sadece Andromeda Strain (1971), Outbreak (1995), Twelve Monkeys (1996), Mission Impossible (2000) gibi filmlere ve The Coming Plague (1995), The Hot Zone (1995), The Cobra Event (1998), Rainbow Six (1999) gibi kitaplara konu olurken, Körfez Savaşı sırasında Amerika'nın Iraklı bilim adamları tarafından üretilen Anthrax temelli biolojik silahlara karşı askerlerine aşı yapma konusundaki titizliğiyle daha da önemli ve gerçek bir savaş haline geldi. ...
https://www.biyologlar.com/biyolojik-savasmi-sinir-savasimi- -
Small molecule acts as on-off switch for nature's antibiotic factory
Scientists have identified the developmental on-off switch for Streptomyces, a group of soil microbes that produce more than two-thirds of the world's naturally derived antibiotic medicines. Their hope now would be to see whether it is possible to manipulate this switch to make nature's antibiotic factory more efficient. The study, appearing August 28 in Cell, found that a unique interaction between a small molecule called cyclic-di-GMP and a larger protein called BldD ultimately controls...
https://www.biyologlar.com/small-molecule-acts-as-on-off-switch-for-natures-antibiotic-factory -
Surprising global species shake-up discovered
The diversity of the world's life forms — from corals to carnivores — is under assault. Decades of scientific studies document the fraying of ecosystems and a grim tally of species extinctions due to destroyed habitat, pollution, climate change, invasives and overharvesting. Which makes a recent report in the journal Science rather surprising. Nick Gotelli, a professor at the University of Vermont, with colleagues from Saint Andrews University, Scotland, and the University of Maine,...
https://www.biyologlar.com/surprising-global-species-shake-up-discovered -
Stanford researchers genetically engineer yeast to produce opioids
For thousands of years, people have used yeast to ferment wine, brew beer and leaven bread. Now researchers at Stanford have genetically engineered yeast to make painkilling medicines, a breakthrough that heralds a faster and potentially less expensive way to produce many different types of plant-based medicines. Writing today in Science, the Stanford engineers describe how they reprogrammed the genetic machinery of baker's yeast so that these fast-growing cells could convert sugar into...
https://www.biyologlar.com/stanford-researchers-genetically-engineer-yeast-to-produce-opioids -
New stem cells go back further
One of the obstacles to employing human embryonic stem cells for medical use lies in their very promise: They are born to rapidly differentiate into other cell types.
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-stem-cells-go-back-further -
Stem cells from teeth can make brain-like cells
University of Adelaide researchers have discovered that stem cells taken from teeth can grow to resemble brain cells, suggesting they could one day be used in the brain as a therapy for stroke.
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cells-from-teeth-can-make-brain-like-cells -
HİSTOLOJİDE KULLANILAN BOYALARIN SINIFLANDIRMASI VE STANDARDİZASYONU
Histolojide kullanılan boyaların büyük bölümü 3 temel chromoforik gruptan (quino-noid halka, azo-grup veya nitro grup) tan birine dahildir. Quinonoid boyalar çok geniş ve önemli bir gruptur ve quinonoid yapının özel tiplerine bakılarak alt gruplara ayrılırlar.Histolojide boyalar ya boyaların uygulama tarzlarına bakılarak direkt veya mordant boya; ya da genel kimyasal özelliğine bakılarak asit veya bazik boya olarak sınıflarıdırılırlar. Bazı boyalar light green...
https://www.biyologlar.com/histolojide-kullanilan-boyalarin-siniflandirmasi-ve-standardizasyonu-1 -
Signs of deforestation in Brazil
Multiple fires are visible in in this image of the Para and Mato Grosso states of Brazil. Many of these were most likely intentionally set in order to deforest the land. Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. The herringbone-patterned tan lines cutting through the dark green of the Amazon Rainforest in the middle of the image...
https://www.biyologlar.com/signs-of-deforestation-in-brazil -
Researchers use human stem cells to create light-sensitive retina in a dish
Using a type of human stem cell, Johns Hopkins researchers say they have created a three-dimensional complement of human retinal tissue in the laboratory, which notably includes functioning photoreceptor cells capable of responding to light, the first step in the process of converting it into visual images.
https://www.biyologlar.com/researchers-use-human-stem-cells-to-create-light-sensitive-retina-in-a-dish -
Genome-wide search reveals new genes involved in long-term memory
A new study has identified genes involved in long-term memory in the worm as part of research aimed at finding ways to retain cognitive abilities during aging. The study, which was published in the journal Neuron, identified more than 750 genes involved in long-term memory, including many that had not been found previously and that could serve as targets for future research, said senior author Coleen Murphy, an associate professor of molecular biology and the Lewis-Sigler Institute for...
https://www.biyologlar.com/genome-wide-search-reveals-new-genes-involved-in-long-term-memory -
Kimerler, Kediler ve Diğer Genetik Tuhaflıklar
Hayır, bu bir fotoğraf hilesi değil. Bu gördüğünüz kedicik, aslında bir Kimer olmayan, ama bu yazıyı yazmak için bana esin kaynağı olan Venüs. (Kaynak: Facebook)
https://www.biyologlar.com/kimerler-kediler-ve-diger-genetik-tuhafliklar -
Besiyeri Hazırlanmasında Kullanılan Maddeler
Besiyeri bileşimine giren maddeler gelişme açısından; a) Gelişme için gerekli olanlar, b) inhibitörler olarak 2 gruba ayrılabilir. Gelişme için gerekli olan maddeler doğrudan mikroorganizmaların beslenme şekilleri ile ilgilidir ve bu maddeler besiyeri içinde bir anlamda zorunlu olarak bulunurlar. İnhibitörler ise gelişmesi istenmeyen mikroorganizmalar için gerektiğinde selektif besiyerlerine ilave edilirler. Besiyerlerine giren kimyasal maddeler hakkında aşağıda kısaca...
https://www.biyologlar.com/besiyeri-hazirlanmasinda-kullanilan-maddeler -
Brain's on-off thirst switch identified
NEW YORK, NY (January 26, 2015)--Neurons that trigger our sense of thirst--and neurons that turn it off--have been identified by Columbia University Medical Center neuroscientists. The paper was published today in the online edition of Nature. For years, researchers have suspected that thirst is regulated by neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO), in the hypothalamus. But it has been difficult to pinpoint exactly which neurons are involved. "When researchers used electrical current to...
https://www.biyologlar.com/brains-on-off-thirst-switch-identified -
Logging means ants, worms and other invertebrates lose rainforest dominance
Invertebrates perform essential functions for the smooth running of the ecosystems in tropical forests. For example, creatures such as termites and millipedes help dead leaves decompose and release their nutrients back into the soil, and carnivorous ants and spiders act as predators of herbivorous invertebrates that would otherwise munch through all the foliage. Nearly a half of all tropical rainforests worldwide have been logged, and this often causes heavy changes to the number and type of...
https://www.biyologlar.com/logging-means-ants-worms-and-other-invertebrates-lose-rainforest-dominance -
Virginia Tech researchers take cue from spider glue in efforts to create new materials
A taut tug on the line signals the arrival of dinner, and the leggy spider dashes across the web to find a tasty squirming insect. The spider, known as an orb weaver, must perfectly execute this moment, from a lightning-fast reaction to an artfully spun web glistening with sticky glue. This glue -- created when glycoproteins are secreted from a spider's abdomen and interact with the atmosphere -- has been studied for the past 12 years by Brent Opell, a professor of biological sciences in the...
https://www.biyologlar.com/virginia-tech-researchers-take-cue-from-spider-glue-in-efforts-to-create-new-materials -
Köpek Hastalıkları
Tüm hayvanlar yaşamları boyunca çeşitli enfeksiyonlara maruz kalırlar.Anneden alınan antikorların etkisi sona erdiğinde enfeksiyonlara karşı zayıf hale gelirler.Enfeksiyona yakalanmadan önce,kendi bağışıklıklarını geliştirmeleri için gerekli olan yeterli miktarda antikoru üretecek B hücrelerine sahip olmaları gerekir.Özellikle köpek üretim merkezleri,barınaklar,pansiyonlar,pet shop ve dog showlar gibi kalabalık çevrelerde bulunan yavrular yüksek risk...
https://www.biyologlar.com/kopek-hastaliklari -
Wheat disease-resistance gene identified, potential to save billions
A gene that can prevent some of the most important wheat diseases has been identified--creating the potential to save more than a billion dollars in lost production in Australia alone each year. In a global collaboration including the University of Sydney's Plant Breeding Institute (PBI), the CSIRO, CIMMYT (Mexico), University of Newcastle, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, the gene Lr67 has been identified as providing resistance to three of the most...
https://www.biyologlar.com/wheat-disease-resistance-gene-identified-potential-to-save-billions -
EMBO Conference Series Chemical Biology 2012
Latest News•Registration is open! •Event poster is now available for download Why You Should Attend•SummaryChemical Biology is a quickly growing highly interdisciplinary field, which investigates biological questions by using chemical strategies and tools. It has emerged to become an important and central discipline by itself complementing areas such as medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, cell biology, structural biology and biochemistry. Researchers in Chemical Biology find...
https://www.biyologlar.com/embo-conference-series-chemical-biology-2012 -
New brain mapping reveals unknown cell types
Using a process known as single cell sequencing, scientists at Karolinska Institutet have produced a detailed map of cortical cell types and the genes active within them. The study, which is published in the journal 'Science', marks the first time this method of analysis has been used on such a large scale on such complex tissue. The team studied over three thousand cells, one at a time, and even managed to identify a number of hitherto unknown types. "If you compare the brain to a fruit...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-brain-mapping-reveals-unknown-cell-types -
PROBİYOTİKLER HAKKINDA BİLGİ
Değişik sebeplerden ileri gelen ve insan sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olan farklı oluşumlara karşı uzun yıllardan beri değişik antibiyotikler kullanılmıştır. Antibiyotiklerin belli periyotlarda ve belli dozlardaki kullanımı neticesinde, metabolizmada gözlenen rahatsızlıklar tedavi edilebilmiştir. Ancak zaman içerisinde kullanılan antibiyotik türleri ve bunların tedavideki dozlarının insan metabolizmasında yararlı faaliyetleri olan (özellikle de intestinal...
https://www.biyologlar.com/probiyotikler-hakkinda-bilgi -
Broad, MIT scientists overcome key CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing hurdle
Researchers at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT have engineered changes to the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system that significantly cut down on "off-target" editing errors. The refined technique addresses one of the major technical issues in the use of genome editing. The CRISPR-Cas9 system works by making a precisely targeted modification in a cell's DNA. The protein Cas9 alters the DNA at a location that is specified by...
https://www.biyologlar.com/broad-mit-scientists-overcome-key-crispr-cas9-genome-editing-hurdle -
Neurons constantly rewrite their DNA
Johns Hopkins scientists have discovered that neurons are risk takers: They use minor "DNA surgeries" to toggle their activity levels all day, every day. Since these activity levels are important in learning, memory and brain disorders, the researchers think their finding will shed light on a range of important questions. A summary of the study will be published online in the journal Nature Neuroscience on April 27. "We used to think that once a cell reaches full maturation, its DNA is totally...
https://www.biyologlar.com/neurons-constantly-rewrite-their-dna -
Brazilian beef industry moves to reduce its destruction of rain forests
Expansion of cattle pastures has led to the destruction of huge swaths of rain forest in Brazil, home to the world's largest herd of commercial beef cattle. But a new study led by the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Holly Gibbs shows that market-driven "zero deforestation agreements" have dramatically influenced the behavior of ranchers and the slaughterhouses to which they sell. Publishing today [May 12, 2015] in the journal Conservation Letters, the research team - including other...
https://www.biyologlar.com/brazilian-beef-industry-moves-to-reduce-its-destruction-of-rain-forests -
Lab experiments question popular measure of ancient ocean temperatures
Understanding the planet's history is crucial if we are to predict its future. While some records are preserved in ice cores or tree rings, other records of the climate's ancient past are buried deep in the seafloor. An increasingly popular method to deduce historic sea surface temperatures uses sediment-entombed bodies of marine archaea, one of Earth's most ancient and resilient creatures, as a 150-million-year record of ocean temperatures. While other measures have gaps, this one is...
https://www.biyologlar.com/lab-experiments-question-popular-measure-of-ancient-ocean-temperatures -
Genetically modified E. coli pump out morphine precursor
A common gut microbe could soon be offering us pain relief. Japanese bioengineers have tweaked Escherichia coli genes so that they pump out thebaine, a morphine precursor that can be modified to make painkillers. The genetically modified E. coli produces 300 times more thebaine with minimal risk of unregulated use compared to a recently developed method involving yeast. "Morphine has a complex molecular structure; because of this, the production of morphine and similar painkillers is expensive...
https://www.biyologlar.com/genetically-modified-e-coli-pump-out-morphine-precursor