Toplam 135 içerik listeleniyor
-
Tough times for the tree of life on coral reefs
In terms of evolutionary history, less than a quarter of wrasse species receive minimum protection levels. Marine scientists are calling for a re-think of how marine protected areas (MPAs) are planned and coordinated, following a global assessment of the conservation of tropical corals and fishes.
https://www.biyologlar.com/tough-times-for-the-tree-of-life-on-coral-reefs-haber-8731 -
Cell stress inflames the gut
Over 3.5 million people in Europe and the US suffer from Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis – the two most common forms of IBD. Chronic bowel inflammation is caused by an overreaction of the immune system to the bacteria which naturally occur in the gut. "This overreaction can come about if, for example, the anti-stress mechanism in the cells of the intestinal mucosa does not function correctly," explains Prof. Dirk Haller of the TUM Chair of Nutrition and Immunology. What Prof. Haller is...
https://www.biyologlar.com/cell-stress-inflames-the-gut -
Study documents catastrophic collapse of Sahara's wildlife
A new study led by the Wildlife Conservation Society and Zoological Society or London warns that the world's largest tropical desert, the Sahara, has suffered a catastrophic collapse of its wildlife populations. The study by more than 40 authors representing 28 scientific organizations assessed 14 desert species and found that a shocking half of those are regionally extinct or confined to one percent or less of their historical range. A chronic lack of studies across the region due to past and...
https://www.biyologlar.com/study-documents-catastrophic-collapse-of-saharas-wildlife -
Stem cells + nanofibers = Promising nerve research
Every week in his clinic at the University of Michigan, neurologist Joseph Corey, M.D., Ph.D., treats patients whose nerves are dying or shrinking due to disease or injury.
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cells-nanofibers-promising-nerve-research -
Yayınlanan Haritaya Göre Dünya’nın Son Vahşi Yaşam Alanlarının %70’i Beş Ülkenin Sınırları İçinde
Dünyadaki el değmemiş ekosistemlerin ilk haritası, bu alanların çoğundan sadece beş milletin sorumlu olduğunu gösteriyor. Photograph: Nature
https://www.biyologlar.com/yayinlanan-haritaya-gore-dunyanin-son-vahsi-yasam-alanlarinin-70i-bes-ulkenin-sinirlari-icinde -
Yayınlanan Haritaya Göre Dünya’nın Son Vahşi Yaşam Alanlarının %70’i Beş Ülkenin Sınırları İçinde
Dünyadaki el değmemiş ekosistemlerin ilk haritası, bu alanların çoğundan sadece beş milletin sorumlu olduğunu gösteriyor. Photograph: Nature
https://www.biyologlar.com/yayinlanan-haritaya-gore-dunyanin-son-vahsi-yasam-alanlarinin-70i-bes-ulkenin-sinirlari-icinde -
Coral reefs in Palau surprisingly resistant to naturally acidified waters
Ocean researchers working on the coral reefs of Palau in 2011 and 2012 made two unexpected discoveries that could provide insight into corals' resistance and resilience to ocean acidification, and aid in the creation of a plan to protect them. The team collected water samples at nine points along a transect that stretched from the open ocean, across the barrier reef, into the lagoon and then into the bays and inlets around the Rock Islands of Palau, in the western Pacific Ocean. With each...
https://www.biyologlar.com/coral-reefs-in-palau-surprisingly-resistant-to-naturally-acidified-waters -
Y Kromozomu
Bütün insanlarda X veya Y kromozomlarından birisi mutlaka bulunurken, kadınlarda "46, XX"; erkeklerde "46, XY" normal karyotip olarak bulunur.
https://www.biyologlar.com/y-kromozomu-1 -
One of the last strongholds for Western chimpanzees
When Liberia enters the news it is usually in the context of civil war, economic crisis, poverty or a disease outbreak such as the recent emergence of Ebola in West Africa. Liberia's status as a biodiversity hotspot and the fact that it is home to some of the last viable and threatened wildlife populations in West Africa has received little media attention in the past. This is partly because the many years of violent conflict in Liberia, from 1989 to 1997 and from 2002 to 2003, thwarted efforts...
https://www.biyologlar.com/one-of-the-last-strongholds-for-western-chimpanzees -
Stem-cell-based strategy boosts immune system in mice
Raising hopes for cell-based therapies, UC San Francisco researchers have created the first functioning human thymus tissue from embryonic stem cells in the laboratory. The researchers showed that, in mice, the tissue can be used to foster the development of white blood cells the body needs to mount healthy immune responses and to prevent harmful autoimmune reactions. The scientists who developed the thymus cells — which caused the proliferation and maturation of functioning immune cells...
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cell-based-strategy-boosts-immune-system-in-mice -
Surprising global species shake-up discovered
The diversity of the world's life forms — from corals to carnivores — is under assault. Decades of scientific studies document the fraying of ecosystems and a grim tally of species extinctions due to destroyed habitat, pollution, climate change, invasives and overharvesting. Which makes a recent report in the journal Science rather surprising. Nick Gotelli, a professor at the University of Vermont, with colleagues from Saint Andrews University, Scotland, and the University of Maine,...
https://www.biyologlar.com/surprising-global-species-shake-up-discovered -
New Science paper calculates magnitude of plastic waste going into the ocean
A plastic grocery bag cartwheels down the beach until a gust of wind spins it into the ocean. In 192 coastal countries, this scenario plays out over and over again as discarded beverage bottles, food wrappers, toys and other bits of plastic make their way from estuaries, seashores and uncontrolled landfills to settle in the world's seas. How much mismanaged plastic waste is making its way from land to ocean has been a decades-long guessing game. Now, the University of Georgia's Jenna Jambeck...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-science-paper-calculates-magnitude-of-plastic-waste-going-into-the-ocean -
Role of telomeres in plant stem cells discovered
The role played by telomeres in mammalian cells has been known for several years. It is also known that these non-coding DNA sequences, which are found at the ends of the chromosomes, protect them and are necessary to ensure correct cell division.
https://www.biyologlar.com/role-of-telomeres-in-plant-stem-cells-discovered -
Amanita Mantar Türleri
Amanitaceae familyasından şapkalı mantar cinsi. Bu cinsin en bilinen üyeleri beyaz benekli kırmızı şapkalı ve halüsinojen bir mantar olan Amanita muscaria ve en tehlikeli zehirli mantarlardan olan Amanita phalloides ve Amanita virosadır. Türün bazı üyeleri zehirliyken bazı üyeleri de yenilebilmektedir. Cinsin genel özellikleri, beyaz sporlar ve başlangıçta mantarı kaplayan bir zardır. Amanita brunnescens Amanita caesarea Amanita calyptrata Amanita citrina Amanita...
https://www.biyologlar.com/amanita-mantar-turleri -
New brain mapping reveals unknown cell types
Using a process known as single cell sequencing, scientists at Karolinska Institutet have produced a detailed map of cortical cell types and the genes active within them. The study, which is published in the journal 'Science', marks the first time this method of analysis has been used on such a large scale on such complex tissue. The team studied over three thousand cells, one at a time, and even managed to identify a number of hitherto unknown types. "If you compare the brain to a fruit...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-brain-mapping-reveals-unknown-cell-types -
New study shows parrotfish are critical to coral reef island building
As well as being a beautiful species capable of changing its colour, shape and even gender, new research published today shows that parrotfish, commonly found on healthy coral reefs, can also play a pivotal role in providing the sands necessary to build and maintain coral reef islands. The study, based on work in the Maldives and published in the journal Geology, found that parrotfish produced more than 85% of the new sand-grade sediment on the reefs around these reef islands. Reef islands...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-study-shows-parrotfish-are-critical-to-coral-reef-island-building -
Büyük Beyaz Köpekbalığı - Carcharodon carharias
Büyük Beyaz Köpekbalığı Nedir? Büyük beyaz köpekbalığı,(Carcharodon carharias),genellikle soğuk kıyı sularında yaşayan,çok büyük ve hızlı yüzücü,yırtıcı bir balık türüdür.Hakkındaki ilk bilimsel araştırma,1554 yılında çıkardığı bir kitaptaki tanım ve çizimleriyle Rönesans dönemi araştırmacılarından Guillaume Rondelet’e aittir.1785’te Carolus Linnaeus çıkardığı katoloğunda (Systema Naturae),bu türü bilimsel olarak Carolus Linnaeus...
https://www.biyologlar.com/carcharodon-carhariasbuyuk-beyaz-kopekbaligi -
Great Barrier Reef marine reserves combat coral disease
A new and significant role for marine reserves on the Great Barrier Reef has been revealed, with researchers finding the reserves reduce the prevalence of coral diseases. It's been known for some time that marine reserves are important for maintaining and enhancing fish stocks, but this is the first time marine reserves have been shown to enhance coral health on the Great Barrier Reef. Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University found that...
https://www.biyologlar.com/great-barrier-reef-marine-reserves-combat-coral-disease -
Shiny fish skin inspires nanoscale light reflectors
A nature-inspired method to model the reflection of light from the skin of silvery fish and other organisms may be possible, according to Penn State researchers. Such a technique may be applicable to developing better broadband reflectors and custom multi-spectral filters for a wide variety of applications, including advanced optical coatings for glass, laser protection, infrared imaging systems, optical communication systems and photovoltaics, according to Douglas Werner, John L. and...
https://www.biyologlar.com/shiny-fish-skin-inspires-nanoscale-light-reflectors -
Discovery of an embryonic switch for cancer stem cell generation
An international team of scientists, headed by researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine and UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, report that decreases in a specific group of proteins trigger changes in the cancer microenvironment that accelerate growth and development of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). The discovery suggests the basis for a potential new therapeutic approach to eradicate blood cancers, which affect more than 1.1 million Americans. In fact, researchers found...
https://www.biyologlar.com/discovery-of-an-embryonic-switch-for-cancer-stem-cell-generation -
Forensic botany uses plant DNA to trace crimes
Sam Houston State University is advancing the field of forensic botany with the publication of two recent studies that use marijuana DNA to link drug supplies and pollen DNA to aid in forensic investigations. In an article published in the International Journal of Legal Medicine, faculty and students from the Department of Forensic Science report that they developed a test to individualize samples of marijuana that could be used to link drugs across cases. The study examined 11 cases...
https://www.biyologlar.com/forensic-botany-uses-plant-dna-to-trace-crimes -
New GTEx findings show how DNA differences influence gene activity, disease susceptibility
Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project have created a new and much-anticipated data resource to help establish how differences in an individual's genomic make-up can affect gene activity and contribute to disease. The new resource will enable scientists to examine the underlying genomics of many different human tissues and cells at the same time, and promises to open new avenues to the study and understanding of human biology. GTEx...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-gtex-findings-show-how-dna-differences-influence-gene-activity-disease-susceptibility -
Tough times for the tree of life on coral reefs
Marine scientists are calling for a re-think of how marine protected areas (MPAs) are planned and coordinated, following a global assessment of the conservation of tropical corals and fishes. Researchers from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (Coral CoE), at James Cook University in Townsville, analysed the extent to which the evolutionary histories of corals and fishes are protected, rather than looking at individual species. "Our interest was in...
https://www.biyologlar.com/tough-times-for-the-tree-of-life-on-coral-reefs -
Herpes outbreak, other marine viruses linked to coral bleaching event
A study at Oregon State University has concluded that significant outbreaks of viruses may be associated with coral bleaching events, especially as a result of multiple environmental stresses. One such event was documented even as it happened in a three-day period. It showed how an explosion of three viral groups, including a herpes-like virus, occurred just as corals were bleaching in one part of the Great Barrier Reef off the east coast of Australia. The findings, reported in Frontiers in...
https://www.biyologlar.com/herpes-outbreak-other-marine-viruses-linked-to-coral-bleaching-event -
Decaying RNA molecules tell a story
Once messenger RNA (mRNA) has done its job - conveying the information to produce the proteins necessary for a cell to function - it is no longer required and is degraded. Scientists have long thought that the decay started after translation was complete and that decaying RNA molecules provided little biological information. Now a team from EMBL Heidelberg and Stanford University led by Lars Steinmetz has turned this on its head in an article published in Cell. The researchers have shown that...
https://www.biyologlar.com/decaying-rna-molecules-tell-a-story -
West Coast scientists sound alarm for changing ocean chemistry
The ocean chemistry along the West Coast of North America is changing rapidly because of global carbon dioxide emissions, and the governments of Oregon, California, Washington and British Columbia can take actions now to offset and mitigate the effects of these changes. That is the conclusion of a 20-member panel of leading West Coast ocean scientists, who presented a comprehensive report on Monday outlining a series of recommendations to address the increase in ocean acidification and...
https://www.biyologlar.com/west-coast-scientists-sound-alarm-for-changing-ocean-chemistry -
Mantis shrimp inspires next generation of ultra-strong materials
This is the herringbone structure of the outer layer (impact region) of the mantis shrimp dactyl club.
https://www.biyologlar.com/mantis-shrimp-inspires-next-generation-of-ultra-strong-materials -
Mantis shrimp inspires next generation of ultra-strong materials
This is the herringbone structure of the outer layer (impact region) of the mantis shrimp dactyl club.
https://www.biyologlar.com/mantis-shrimp-inspires-next-generation-of-ultra-strong-materials -
Stem cell transplant from young to old can heal stomach ulcers
Bethesda, MD (June 16, 2016) -- Basic and translational research paves the way for breakthroughs that can ultimately change patient care. Three new studies from Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology (CMGH) -- AGA's basic and translational open-access journal -- provide a glimpse into future treatment strategies for stomach ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease and alcoholic liver disease. Please find summaries below. To speak with the journal authors, please email...
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cell-transplant-from-young-to-old-can-heal-stomach-ulcers -
New procedure allows long-term culturing of adult stem cells
A new procedure developed at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) may revolutionize the culturing of adult stem cells. In their report that has been published online prior to its appearance in the August 6 issue of Cell Stem Cell, the team describes generating and expanding airway stem cells from the sorts of tissue samples collected during routine treatment of lung disorders. The overall approach appears applicable to several other tissue types, including skin and the linings of the...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-procedure-allows-long-term-culturing-of-adult-stem-cells -
DNA protection, inch by inch
DNA within reproductive cells is protected through a clever system of find and destroy: new research published in Cell Reports today lifts the veil on how this is done. A European team of scientists has discovered how the cells produce tiny pieces of RNA - called piRNA - that identify and silence 'jumping genes' or transposons: genes that are able to change their position within the genome and therefore alter or disrupt the genetic code. Comprising just 30 letters of genetic code, piRNA are...
https://www.biyologlar.com/dna-protection-inch-by-inch -
Breakthrough in scaling up life-changing stem cell production
Scientists have discovered a new method of creating human stem cells which could solve the big problem of the large-scale production needed to fully realise the potential of these remarkable cells for understanding and treating disease.
https://www.biyologlar.com/breakthrough-in-scaling-up-life-changing-stem-cell-production -
Gene fuels age-related obesity and diabetes
Practically everyone gets fatter as they get older, but some people can blame their genes for the extra padding. Researchers have shown that two different mutations in a gene called ankyrin-B cause cells to suck up glucose faster than normal, fattening them up and eventually triggering the type of diabetes linked to obesity. The more severe of the two mutations, called R1788W, is carried by nearly one million Americans. The milder mutation, known as L1622I, is shared by seven percent of the...
https://www.biyologlar.com/gene-fuels-age-related-obesity-and-diabetes -
Tiny genetic tweak unlocked corn kernels during domestication
If not for a single genetic mutation, each kernel on a juicy corn cob would be trapped inside a inedible casing as tough as a walnut shell. The mutation switches one amino acid for another at a specific position in a protein regulating formation of these shells in modern corn's wild ancestor, according to a study published in the July 2015 issue of GENETICS, a publication of the Genetics Society of America. "Humans completely reshaped the ancestor of corn, effectively turning the cob inside...
https://www.biyologlar.com/tiny-genetic-tweak-unlocked-corn-kernels-during-domestication -
Biodiversity: 11 new species come to light in Madagascar
Madagascar is home to extraordinary biodiversity, but in the past few decades, the island's forests and associated biodiversity have been under greater attack than ever. Rapid deforestation is affecting the biotopes of hundreds of species, including the panther chameleon, a species with spectacular intra-specific colour variation. A new study by Michel Milinkovitch, professor of genetics, evolution, and biophysics at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), led in close collaboration with colleagues...
https://www.biyologlar.com/biodiversity-11-new-species-come-to-light-in-madagascar -
Quantum dots with impermeable shell: A powerful tool for nanoengineering
Images of ZnO quantum dots prepared by the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, taken by transmission electron microscopy. False colors.
https://www.biyologlar.com/quantum-dots-with-impermeable-shell-a-powerful-tool-for-nanoengineering -
Quantum dots with impermeable shell: A powerful tool for nanoengineering
Images of ZnO quantum dots prepared by the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, taken by transmission electron microscopy. False colors.
https://www.biyologlar.com/quantum-dots-with-impermeable-shell-a-powerful-tool-for-nanoengineering -
Uncovering the secrets of immune system invaders
The human immune system is a powerful and wonderful creation. If you cut your skin, your body mobilizes a series of different proteins and cells to heal the cut. If you are infected by a virus or bacteria, your immune system responds with a series of cells that attack the invader and neutralize it. But sometimes invaders find ways to exploit the very cells that are designed to protect us. Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and its lesser-known (and less virulent) relative Mycobacterium...
https://www.biyologlar.com/uncovering-the-secrets-of-immune-system-invaders -
Many endangered species are back -- but face new struggles
A study of marine mammals and other protected species finds that several once endangered species, including the iconic humpback whale, the northern elephant seal and green sea turtles, have recovered and are repopulating their former ranges. The research, published in the June edition of Trends in Ecology and Evolution, suggests that some species, including humpback whales, have reached population levels that may warrant removal from endangered species lists. But returning species, which defy...
https://www.biyologlar.com/many-endangered-species-are-back-but-face-new-struggles -
Alert to biologists: Ribosomes can translate the 'untranslated region' of messenger RNA
In what appears to be an unexpected challenge to a long-accepted fact of biology, Johns Hopkins researchers say they have found that ribosomes -- the molecular machines in all cells that build proteins -- can sometimes do so even within the so-called untranslated regions of the ribbons of genetic material known as messenger RNA (mRNA). "This is an exciting find that generates a whole new set of questions for researchers," says Rachel Green, Ph.D., a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator...
https://www.biyologlar.com/alert-to-biologists-ribosomes-can-translate-the-untranslated-region-of-messenger-rna -
Hymenolepis diminuta video
Emerging tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta) from its protective cysticercoid coat, this fellow inhabited the haemocoel of a flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) before removal and subsequent activation at 37degrees C
https://www.biyologlar.com/hymenolepis-diminuta-video -
Some things are too good to be true: Lycaenid butterfly larvae manipulate ants
Project Assistant Professor HOJO Masaru of Kobe University, Graduate School of Science, and joint research groups at the University of the Ryukyus and Harvard University have discovered that lycaenid butterfly larvae, which are in a symbiotic relationship with ants, can control the effect of dopamine by supplying the ants with nectar. The results of this study provide novel insight into the phenomenon of symbiosis and give clues about the physiological functions of dopamine. The study was...
https://www.biyologlar.com/some-things-are-too-good-to-be-true-lycaenid-butterfly-larvae-manipulate-ants -
Sonic hedgehog gene provides evidence that our limbs may have evolved from sharks' gills
Latest analysis shows that human limbs share a genetic programme with the gills of cartilaginous fishes such as sharks and skates, providing evidence to support a century-old theory on the origin of limbs that had been widely discounted.
https://www.biyologlar.com/sonic-hedgehog-gene-provides-evidence-that-our-limbs-may-have-evolved-from-sharks-gills -
The great northern cod comeback
Once an icon of overfishing, mismanagement, and stock decline, the northern Atlantic cod is showing signs of recovery according to new research published today in the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. This research, led by Dr. George Rose, tracks what is arguably the most important comeback of any fish stock worldwide. Studying the great northern Atlantic cod stock complex off Newfoundland and Labrador, once considered among the largest cod stocks in the world before its...
https://www.biyologlar.com/the-great-northern-cod-comeback -
Virus throws a wrench in the immune system
The cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family. Although most people carry CMV for life, it hardly ever makes them sick. Researchers from the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and from the USA have now unveiled long term consequences of the on-going presence of CMV: Later in life, more and more cells of the immune system concentrate on CMV, and as a result, the response against other viruses is weakened. These research results help to explain why the elderly are often...
https://www.biyologlar.com/virus-throws-a-wrench-in-the-immune-system -
Antibiotic 'smart bomb' can target specific strains of bacteria
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a de facto antibiotic "smart bomb" that can identify specific strains of bacteria and sever their DNA, eliminating the infection. The technique offers a potential approach to treat infections by multi-drug resistant bacteria. "Conventional antibiotic treatments kill both 'good' and 'bad' bacteria, leading to unintended consequences, such as opportunistic infections," says Dr. Chase Beisel, an assistant professor of chemical and...
https://www.biyologlar.com/antibiotic-smart-bomb-can-target-specific-strains-of-bacteria -
Too much of a good thing: Extra genes make bacteria lethal
We, as most animals, host many different beneficial bacteria. Being beneficial to the host often pays off for the bacteria, as success of the host determines the survival and spread of the microbe. But if bacteria grow too much they may become deadly. In a new study published in the latest edition of the scientific journal PLOS Biology*, a research team from Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia (IGC; Portugal) found that a single genomic change can turn beneficial bacteria into pathogenic bacteria,...
https://www.biyologlar.com/too-much-of-a-good-thing-extra-genes-make-bacteria-lethal -
Scientists learn more about how star-shaped brain cells help us learn
A molecule that enables strong communication between our brain and muscles appears to also aid essential communication between our neurons, scientists report.
https://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-learn-more-about-how-star-shaped-brain-cells-help-us-learn -
Ant antennae provide vital ID information: Study
University of Melbourne scientists have shone a new light into the complexities of ant communication, with the discovery that ants not only pick up information through their antennae, but also use them to convey social signals. It is believed to be the first time antennae have been found to be a two-way communication device, rather than just a receptor. Biologists from the University's School of BioSciences analysed the behaviour and surface chemistry of hundreds of ants to examine how they...
https://www.biyologlar.com/ant-antennae-provide-vital-id-information-study