Toplam 313 içerik listeleniyor
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Cells are crawling all over our bodies, but how?
For better and for worse, human health depends on a cell's motility –– the ability to crawl from place to place. In every human body, millions of cells –are crawling around doing mostly good deeds ––– though if any of those crawlers are cancerous, watch out.
https://www.biyologlar.com/cells-are-crawling-all-over-our-bodies-but-how -
How the ant queen gets her crown: Uncovering the evolution of queen-worker differences
Queen and worker ants develop from the same sets of genes, but end up being structurally, behaviourally, and functionally different. Queen and worker ants develop from the same sets of genes, but perform completely different ecological roles. How the same genes result in two types of individuals is an ongoing mystery. In the past, scientists have only studied a small number of ant species at a time to try to understand the nature of queen-worker differences. However, a team from the Okinawa...
https://www.biyologlar.com/how-the-ant-queen-gets-her-crown-uncovering-the-evolution-of-queen-worker-differences-haber-8124 -
Function of mysterious RNAs may often lie in their genes
Scientists from Penn Medicine and other institutions unlock a mystery about 'long non-coding RNAs'. A new genetic clue discovered by a team co-led by a researcher at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania is shedding light on the functions of the mysterious "long non-coding RNAs" (lncRNAs). These molecules are transcribed from genes and are often abundant in cells, yet they do not code for proteins. Their functions have been almost entirely unknown--and in recent...
https://www.biyologlar.com/function-of-mysterious-rnas-may-often-lie-in-their-genes-haber-8132 -
Gene therapy treats all muscles in the body in muscular dystrophy dogs
Muscular dystrophy, which affects approximately 250,000 people in the U.S., occurs when damaged muscle tissue is replaced with fibrous, fatty or bony tissue and loses function. For years, scientists have searched for a way to successfully treat the most common form of the disease, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), which primarily affects boys. Now, a team of University of Missouri researchers have successfully treated dogs with DMD and say that human clinical trials are being planned in the...
https://www.biyologlar.com/gene-therapy-treats-all-muscles-in-the-body-in-muscular-dystrophy-dogs-haber-8760 -
Gene therapy fully restores vision in mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis
Mice lacking the protein retGC1, which is deficient in humans suffering Leber congenital amaurosis-1 (LCA1), a disorder that causes severe visual impairment beginning in infancy, received gene therapy to replace retGC1 and showed fully restored visual function that persisted for at least 6 months. The success of this approach strongly support clinical testing of a gene therapy targeted to the retinas of LCA1 patients, conclude the authors of the study published in Human Gene Therapy. The...
https://www.biyologlar.com/gene-therapy-fully-restores-vision-in-mouse-model-of-leber-congenital-amaurosis-haber-8761 -
Papağan Balığı Hakkında Her Şey
Fotoğrafta görülen iki renkli papağan balığı ( Cetoscarus bicolor ) 1829'da Rüppell tarafından tanımlandı . Güzel renkli papağan balıklarının yaşamı boyunca şeklini, rengini ve hatta cinsiyetini değiştirdiği biliyor musunuz?
https://www.biyologlar.com/papagan-baligi-hakkinda-her-sey -
Papağan Balığı Hakkında Her Şey
Fotoğrafta görülen iki renkli papağan balığı ( Cetoscarus bicolor ) 1829'da Rüppell tarafından tanımlandı . Güzel renkli papağan balıklarının yaşamı boyunca şeklini, rengini ve hatta cinsiyetini değiştirdiği biliyor musunuz?
https://www.biyologlar.com/papagan-baligi-hakkinda-her-sey -
Cell stress inflames the gut
Over 3.5 million people in Europe and the US suffer from Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis – the two most common forms of IBD. Chronic bowel inflammation is caused by an overreaction of the immune system to the bacteria which naturally occur in the gut. "This overreaction can come about if, for example, the anti-stress mechanism in the cells of the intestinal mucosa does not function correctly," explains Prof. Dirk Haller of the TUM Chair of Nutrition and Immunology. What Prof. Haller is...
https://www.biyologlar.com/cell-stress-inflames-the-gut -
Highly efficient CRISPR knock-in in mouse
Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas system has enabled direct modification of the mouse genome in fertilized mouse eggs, leading to rapid, convenient, and efficient one-step production of knockout mice without embryonic stem cells. In contrast to the ease of targeted gene deletion, the complementary application, called targeted gene cassette insertion or knock-in, in fertilized mouse eggs by CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing still remains a tough challenge. Professor Kohichi Tanaka and Dr. Tomomi...
https://www.biyologlar.com/highly-efficient-crispr-knock-in-in-mouse -
Stem cells + nanofibers = Promising nerve research
Every week in his clinic at the University of Michigan, neurologist Joseph Corey, M.D., Ph.D., treats patients whose nerves are dying or shrinking due to disease or injury.
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cells-nanofibers-promising-nerve-research -
Ökaryotik Kromatinin Fonksiyonu
Vücudunda belirgin bulan genetik özellikler uzak atalarınızdan miras alınmıştır; milyonlarca yıl geriye uzanan kesintisiz bir nesil kuşağından gelmektedir.
https://www.biyologlar.com/okaryotik-kromatinin-fonksiyonu -
Ökaryotik Kromatinin Fonksiyonu
Vücudunda belirgin bulan genetik özellikler uzak atalarınızdan miras alınmıştır; milyonlarca yıl geriye uzanan kesintisiz bir nesil kuşağından gelmektedir.
https://www.biyologlar.com/okaryotik-kromatinin-fonksiyonu -
Ökaryotik Kromatinin Fonksiyonu
Vücudunda belirgin bulan genetik özellikler uzak atalarınızdan miras alınmıştır; milyonlarca yıl geriye uzanan kesintisiz bir nesil kuşağından gelmektedir.
https://www.biyologlar.com/okaryotik-kromatinin-fonksiyonu -
New discovery in living cell signaling
A breakthrough discovery into how living cells process and respond to chemical information could help advance the development of treatments for a large number of cancers and other cellular disorders that have been resistant to therapy. An international collaboration of researchers, led by scientists with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley, have unlocked the secret behind the activation of the...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-discovery-in-living-cell-signaling -
Stem-cell approach shows promise for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Researchers have shown that transplanting stem cells derived from normal mouse blood vessels into the hearts of mice that model the pathology associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) prevents the decrease in heart function associated with DMD. Their findings appear in the journal Stem Cells Translational Medicine. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the gene for dystrophin, a protein that anchors muscle cells in place when they contract. Without...
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cell-approach-shows-promise-for-duchenne-muscular-dystrophy -
22 . Kromozom
İnsanlar normalde her hücrede 23 çifte bölünmüş 46 kromozoma sahiptir. Her ebeveynden miras alınan bir kopya olmak üzere 22 numaralı kromozomun iki kopyası, çiftlerden birini oluşturur. İnsan genomunda toplamda 23, otozom olarak 22 adet bulunan kromozom çiftlerinden biridir. Normal insan genomundaki tüm otozomlar için geçerli olduğu gibi, kromozom 22 de iki kopya halinde bulunur. İkinci en küçük insan kromozomu olan 22. kromozom , yaklaşık 49 milyon baz çiftiyle,...
https://www.biyologlar.com/22-kromozom -
Stem-cell-based strategy boosts immune system in mice
Raising hopes for cell-based therapies, UC San Francisco researchers have created the first functioning human thymus tissue from embryonic stem cells in the laboratory. The researchers showed that, in mice, the tissue can be used to foster the development of white blood cells the body needs to mount healthy immune responses and to prevent harmful autoimmune reactions. The scientists who developed the thymus cells — which caused the proliferation and maturation of functioning immune cells...
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cell-based-strategy-boosts-immune-system-in-mice -
Scientists discover how 'jumping genes' help black truffles adapt to their environment
Black truffles, also known as Périgord truffles, grow in symbiosis with the roots of oak and hazelnut trees. In the world of haute cuisine, they are expensive and highly prized. In the world of epigenetics, however, the fungi (Tuber melanosporum) are of major interest for another reason: their unique pattern of DNA methylation, a biochemical process that chemically modifies nucleic acids without changing their sequence. Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression caused by...
https://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-discover-how-jumping-genes-help-black-truffles-adapt-to-their-environment -
Simple technology makes CRISPR gene editing cheaper
University of California, Berkeley, researchers have discovered a much cheaper and easier way to target a hot new gene editing tool, CRISPR-Cas9, to cut or label DNA. The CRISPR-Cas9 technique, invented three years ago at UC Berkeley, has taken genomics by storm, with its ability to latch on to a very specific sequence of DNA and cut it, inactivating genes with ease. This has great promise for targeted gene therapy to cure genetic diseases, and for discovering the causes of disease. The...
https://www.biyologlar.com/simple-technology-makes-crispr-gene-editing-cheaper -
Cecropia Güve Yaşam Döngüsü
Cecropia Güve Yaşam Döngüsü Meditate and wonder; Experience the marvel of a complete metamorphosis while listening to sumptuous music of Debussy and Holst. Witness events common to nature but rarely seen. Cecropia moth lifecycle metamorphosis is chronicled in detail. See a caterpillar eat its way out of the egg. Look as a larva changes from black; then yellow; to showing patterns and hues of orange, black, yellow, blue and green. Watch the caterpillar work out of its old 4rth instar...
https://www.biyologlar.com/cecropia-guve-yasam-dongusu -
Small molecule acts as on-off switch for nature's antibiotic factory
Scientists have identified the developmental on-off switch for Streptomyces, a group of soil microbes that produce more than two-thirds of the world's naturally derived antibiotic medicines. Their hope now would be to see whether it is possible to manipulate this switch to make nature's antibiotic factory more efficient. The study, appearing August 28 in Cell, found that a unique interaction between a small molecule called cyclic-di-GMP and a larger protein called BldD ultimately controls...
https://www.biyologlar.com/small-molecule-acts-as-on-off-switch-for-natures-antibiotic-factory -
New stem cells go back further
One of the obstacles to employing human embryonic stem cells for medical use lies in their very promise: They are born to rapidly differentiate into other cell types.
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-stem-cells-go-back-further -
Enzyme controlling metastasis of breast cancer identified
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have identified an enzyme that controls the spread of breast cancer. The findings, reported in the current issue of PNAS, offer hope for the leading cause of breast cancer mortality worldwide. An estimated 40,000 women in America will die of breast cancer in 2014, according to the American Cancer Society. "The take-home message of the study is that we have found a way to target breast cancer metastasis through a pathway...
https://www.biyologlar.com/enzyme-controlling-metastasis-of-breast-cancer-identified -
Firefly protein enables visualization of roots in soil
Plants form a vast network of below-ground roots that search soil for needed resources. The structure and function of this root network can be highly adapted to particular environments such as desert soils where plants like Mesquite develop tap roots capable of digging 50 meters deep to capture precious water resources. Excavation of root systems reveals these kinds of adaptations but is laborious, time consuming, and does not provide information on how growing roots behave. A new imaging tool...
https://www.biyologlar.com/firefly-protein-enables-visualization-of-roots-in-soil -
Researchers use human stem cells to create light-sensitive retina in a dish
Using a type of human stem cell, Johns Hopkins researchers say they have created a three-dimensional complement of human retinal tissue in the laboratory, which notably includes functioning photoreceptor cells capable of responding to light, the first step in the process of converting it into visual images.
https://www.biyologlar.com/researchers-use-human-stem-cells-to-create-light-sensitive-retina-in-a-dish -
ARITMA TESİSLERİ VE PROTOZOA
Çalışma metodları birbirinden farklı olsa da arıtma tesislerinin tamamı çeşitli protozoon gruplarını barındırır (Çizelge 1). Biyolojik unsurlar organik madde üzerinden beslenerek organik maddenin topaklaşmasını ve çökmesini sağlarlar. Bakteri bu maddelerin sıvı fazdan uzaklaştırılmasında rol alan en etkin organizma grubunu oluştur. Protozoonlar, atık su arıtma sistemlerinde biyolojik parçalanmadan sorumlu bakteriler üzerinden beslendiklerinden dolayı, önceleri...
https://www.biyologlar.com/aritma-tesisleri-ve-protozoa -
Genome-wide search reveals new genes involved in long-term memory
A new study has identified genes involved in long-term memory in the worm as part of research aimed at finding ways to retain cognitive abilities during aging. The study, which was published in the journal Neuron, identified more than 750 genes involved in long-term memory, including many that had not been found previously and that could serve as targets for future research, said senior author Coleen Murphy, an associate professor of molecular biology and the Lewis-Sigler Institute for...
https://www.biyologlar.com/genome-wide-search-reveals-new-genes-involved-in-long-term-memory -
Damaged DNA may stall patrolling molecule to initiate repair
Sites where DNA is damaged may cause a molecule that slides along the DNA strand to scan for damage to slow on its patrol, delaying it long enough to recognize and initiate repair. The finding suggests that the delay itself may be the key that allows the protein molecule to find its target, according to researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Usually, the repair protein zips along quickly, says Anjum Ansari, UIC professor of physics and co-principal investigator on the study,...
https://www.biyologlar.com/damaged-dna-may-stall-patrolling-molecule-to-initiate-repair -
Logging means ants, worms and other invertebrates lose rainforest dominance
Invertebrates perform essential functions for the smooth running of the ecosystems in tropical forests. For example, creatures such as termites and millipedes help dead leaves decompose and release their nutrients back into the soil, and carnivorous ants and spiders act as predators of herbivorous invertebrates that would otherwise munch through all the foliage. Nearly a half of all tropical rainforests worldwide have been logged, and this often causes heavy changes to the number and type of...
https://www.biyologlar.com/logging-means-ants-worms-and-other-invertebrates-lose-rainforest-dominance -
Snake venom helps hydrogels stop the bleeding
A nanofiber hydrogel infused with snake venom may be the best material to stop bleeding quickly, according to Rice University scientists. The hydrogel called SB50 incorporates batroxobin, a venom produced by two species of South American pit viper. It can be injected as a liquid and quickly turns into a gel that conforms to the site of a wound, keeping it closed, and promotes clotting within seconds. Rice chemist Jeffrey Hartgerink, lead author Vivek Kumar and their colleagues reported their...
https://www.biyologlar.com/snake-venom-helps-hydrogels-stop-the-bleeding -
Amniotic stem cells demonstrate healing potential
Rice University and Texas Children's Hospital scientists are using stem cells from amniotic fluid to promote the growth of robust, functional blood vessels in healing hydrogels.
https://www.biyologlar.com/amniotic-stem-cells-demonstrate-healing-potential -
In a role reversal, RNAs proofread themselves
Cold Spring Harbor, NY - Building a protein is a lot like a game of telephone: information is passed along from one messenger to another, creating the potential for errors every step of the way. There are separate, specialized enzymatic machines that proofread at each step, ensuring that the instructions encoded in our DNA are faithfully translated into proteins. Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) have uncovered a new quality control mechanism along this path, but in a...
https://www.biyologlar.com/in-a-role-reversal-rnas-proofread-themselves -
New brain mapping reveals unknown cell types
Using a process known as single cell sequencing, scientists at Karolinska Institutet have produced a detailed map of cortical cell types and the genes active within them. The study, which is published in the journal 'Science', marks the first time this method of analysis has been used on such a large scale on such complex tissue. The team studied over three thousand cells, one at a time, and even managed to identify a number of hitherto unknown types. "If you compare the brain to a fruit...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-brain-mapping-reveals-unknown-cell-types -
Functional human liver cells grown in the lab
In new research appearing in the prestigious journal Nature Biotechnology, an international research team led by The Hebrew University of Jerusalem describes a new technique for growing human hepatocytes in the laboratory. This groundbreaking development could help advance a variety of liver-related research and applications, from studying drug toxicity to creating bio-artificial liver support for patients awaiting transplantations. The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body,...
https://www.biyologlar.com/functional-human-liver-cells-grown-in-the-lab -
Scientists create functional liver cells from stem cells
The liver plays a critical role in human metabolism. As the gatekeeper of the digestive track, this massive organ is responsible for drug breakdown and is therefore the first to be injured due to overdose or misuse. Evaluating this drug-induced liver injury is a critical part of pharmaceutical drug discovery and must be carried out on human liver cells. Regretfully, human liver cells, called hepatocytes, are in scarce supply as they can only be isolated from donated organs. Now, in research...
https://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-create-functional-liver-cells-from-stem-cells -
PROBİYOTİKLER HAKKINDA BİLGİ
Değişik sebeplerden ileri gelen ve insan sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olan farklı oluşumlara karşı uzun yıllardan beri değişik antibiyotikler kullanılmıştır. Antibiyotiklerin belli periyotlarda ve belli dozlardaki kullanımı neticesinde, metabolizmada gözlenen rahatsızlıklar tedavi edilebilmiştir. Ancak zaman içerisinde kullanılan antibiyotik türleri ve bunların tedavideki dozlarının insan metabolizmasında yararlı faaliyetleri olan (özellikle de intestinal...
https://www.biyologlar.com/probiyotikler-hakkinda-bilgi -
Why some neurons 'outsource' their cell body
Nerve cells come in very different shapes. Researchers at the Bernstein Center Berlin now reveal why, in insects, the cell body is usually located at the end of a separate extension. Using mathematical models, they show that this increases the strength of electrical signal transmission at no additional energetic cost. Nerve cells follow a functional design: They receive input signals over more or less ramified cell branches (dendrites), which they forward to other nerve cells along an...
https://www.biyologlar.com/why-some-neurons-outsource-their-cell-body -
Neurons constantly rewrite their DNA
Johns Hopkins scientists have discovered that neurons are risk takers: They use minor "DNA surgeries" to toggle their activity levels all day, every day. Since these activity levels are important in learning, memory and brain disorders, the researchers think their finding will shed light on a range of important questions. A summary of the study will be published online in the journal Nature Neuroscience on April 27. "We used to think that once a cell reaches full maturation, its DNA is totally...
https://www.biyologlar.com/neurons-constantly-rewrite-their-dna -
Are embryonic stem cells and artificial stem cells equivalent?
Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI) researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School have found new evidence suggesting some human induced pluripotent stem cells are the 'functional equivalent' of human embryonic stem cells, a finding that may begin to settle a long running argument. The findings were published this week in Nature Biotechnology. From 1998 until 2007 embryonic stem cells (ES cells) were the only human cells known with the potential to become any other...
https://www.biyologlar.com/are-embryonic-stem-cells-and-artificial-stem-cells-equivalent -
How an RNA gene silences a whole chromosome
Researchers at Caltech have discovered how an abundant class of RNA genes, called long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs, pronounced link RNAs) can regulate key genes. By studying an important lncRNA, called Xist, the scientists identified how this RNA gathers a group of proteins and ultimately prevents women from having an extra functional X-chromosome--a condition in female embryos that leads to death in early development. These findings mark the first time that researchers have uncovered the detailed...
https://www.biyologlar.com/how-an-rna-gene-silences-a-whole-chromosome -
Discovery of an unexpected function of a protein linked to neurodegenerative diseases
Until today, the proteins known as ubiquitin receptors have been associated mainly with protein degradation, a basic cell cleaning process. A new function now described for the protein dDsk2 by the team headed by Ferran Azorín, group leader at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and CSIC research professor, links ubiquitin receptors for the first time with the regulation of gene expression. This discovery, published today in Nature Communications, opens up a double...
https://www.biyologlar.com/discovery-of-an-unexpected-function-of-a-protein-linked-to-neurodegenerative-diseases -
Discovery of an unexpected function of a protein linked to neurodegenerative diseases
Until today, the proteins known as ubiquitin receptors have been associated mainly with protein degradation, a basic cell cleaning process. A new function now described for the protein dDsk2 by the team headed by Ferran Azorín, group leader at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and CSIC research professor, links ubiquitin receptors for the first time with the regulation of gene expression. This discovery, published today in Nature Communications, opens up a double...
https://www.biyologlar.com/discovery-of-an-unexpected-function-of-a-protein-linked-to-neurodegenerative-diseases -
Shiny fish skin inspires nanoscale light reflectors
A nature-inspired method to model the reflection of light from the skin of silvery fish and other organisms may be possible, according to Penn State researchers. Such a technique may be applicable to developing better broadband reflectors and custom multi-spectral filters for a wide variety of applications, including advanced optical coatings for glass, laser protection, infrared imaging systems, optical communication systems and photovoltaics, according to Douglas Werner, John L. and...
https://www.biyologlar.com/shiny-fish-skin-inspires-nanoscale-light-reflectors -
Novel stem cell line avoids risk of introducing transplanted tumors
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) can become any type of cell in the adult body, offering great potential in disease modeling, drug discovery and creating replacement cells for conditions ranging from cardiovascular to Alzheimer's disease. But that promise comes with a risk: the possibility that transplanted hPSCs might also develop as unwanted tumors. In a new study published November 10, 2015 in the online journal eLIFE, researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine...
https://www.biyologlar.com/novel-stem-cell-line-avoids-risk-of-introducing-transplanted-tumors -
Chrysoperla sp. Chrysoperla carnea nın özellikleri
Chrysopidae familyası türleri genelde yaprakbitlerinin avcıları olmakla birlikte akarlar, thripsler, beyazsineklerin ergin öncesi dönemleri ve yaprakpireleri gibi pek çok böcek grubu üzerinde beslenmekte ve dünyanın birçok bölgesinde yaygın olarak görülmektedir (Ridgway ve Jones, 1968; McMurtry et al., 1970; Jeppson et al., 1975; Stark and Whitford, 1987). Doğal ekosistemlerde oldukça yaygın olarak görülmesi, kitle üretimlerinin kolaylığı, tüketim güçlerinin ve arama...
https://www.biyologlar.com/bio-crysopa-chrysoperla-carnea -
Proteomics identifies DNA repair toolbox
During each cell division, more than 3.3 billion base pairs of genomic DNA have to be duplicated and segregated accurately to daughter cells. But what happens when the DNA template is damaged in such a way that the replication machinery gets stuck?
https://www.biyologlar.com/proteomics-identifies-dna-repair-toolbox -
Rapid plankton growth in ocean seen as sign of carbon dioxide loading
A microscopic marine alga is thriving in the North Atlantic to an extent that defies scientific predictions, suggesting swift environmental change as a result of increased carbon dioxide in the ocean, a study led a by Johns Hopkins University scientist has found. What these findings mean remains to be seen, however, as does whether the rapid growth in the tiny plankton's population is good or bad news for the planet. Published Thursday in the journal Science, the study details a tenfold...
https://www.biyologlar.com/rapid-plankton-growth-in-ocean-seen-as-sign-of-carbon-dioxide-loading -
New GTEx findings show how DNA differences influence gene activity, disease susceptibility
Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project have created a new and much-anticipated data resource to help establish how differences in an individual's genomic make-up can affect gene activity and contribute to disease. The new resource will enable scientists to examine the underlying genomics of many different human tissues and cells at the same time, and promises to open new avenues to the study and understanding of human biology. GTEx...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-gtex-findings-show-how-dna-differences-influence-gene-activity-disease-susceptibility -
Researchers enhance CRISPR gene editing technology
Scientists have developed a process that improves the efficiency of CRISPR, an up-and-coming technology used to edit DNA. "Scientists all over the world are using CRISPR right now in their studies, but the technology is not as functional as it could be," says Haoquan Wu, Ph.D., who enhanced the process and is a biomedical scientist at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso (TTUHSC El Paso). CRISPR is a groundbreaking technology that allows scientists to modify genes. Two key...
https://www.biyologlar.com/researchers-enhance-crispr-gene-editing-technology