Toplam 351 içerik listeleniyor
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Cells are crawling all over our bodies, but how?
For better and for worse, human health depends on a cell's motility –– the ability to crawl from place to place. In every human body, millions of cells –are crawling around doing mostly good deeds ––– though if any of those crawlers are cancerous, watch out.
https://www.biyologlar.com/cells-are-crawling-all-over-our-bodies-but-how -
Bird genomes contain 'fossils' of parasites that now infect humans
The researchers found DNA 'fossils' of parasitic nematodes in seven groups of birds (clockwise): trogons, mesites, parrots, hummingbirds, hornbills, manakins, tinamous. In rare instances, DNA is known to have jumped from one species to another. If a parasite's DNA jumps to its host's genome, it could leave evidence of that parasitic interaction that could be found millions of years later -- a DNA 'fossil' of sorts. An international research team led from Uppsala University has discovered a new...
https://www.biyologlar.com/bird-genomes-contain-aposfossils-apos-of-parasites-that-now-infect-humans-haber-8710 -
First computer program developed to detect DNA mutations in single cancer cells
Researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have announced a new method for detecting DNA mutations in a single cancer cell versus current technology that analyzes millions of cells which they believe could have important applications for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The results are published in the April 18 online issue of Nature Methods.
https://www.biyologlar.com/first-computer-program-developed-to-detect-dna-mutations-in-single-cancer-cells-haber-8711 -
UW team stores digital images in DNA -- and retrieves them perfectly
Technology companies routinely build sprawling data centers to store all the baby pictures, financial transactions, funny cat videos and email messages its users hoard. But a new technique developed by University of Washington and Microsoft researchers could shrink the space needed to store digital data that today would fill a Walmart supercenter down to the size of a sugar cube. The team of computer scientists and electrical engineers has detailed one of the first complete systems to encode,...
https://www.biyologlar.com/uw-team-stores-digital-images-in-dna-and-retrieves-them-perfectly-haber-8723 -
Better global ocean management
Fishing boats at the harbor in Luderitz, Namibia. The small town is known for its crayfish industry. New groundbreaking research shows that with improved fishing approaches -- compared to business as usual -- the majority of the world's wild fisheries could be at healthy levels in just 10 years and global fish populations could double by 2050.
https://www.biyologlar.com/better-global-ocean-management-haber-8727 -
A new genome editing method brings the possibility of gene therapies closer to reality
Researchers from Salk Institute for Biological Studies, BGI, and other institutes for the first time evaluated the safety and reliability of the existing targeted gene correction technologies, and successfully developed a new method, TALEN-HDAdV, which could significantly increased gene-correction efficiency in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC). This study published online in Cell Stell Cell provides an important theoretical foundation for stem cell-based gene...
https://www.biyologlar.com/a-new-genome-editing-method-brings-the-possibility-of-gene-therapies-closer-to-reality-haber-8766 -
Gene therapy shows long-term benefit for treating rare blindness
Pioneering gene therapy has restored some vision to patients with a rare form of genetic blindness for as long as four years, raising hopes it could be used to cure common causes of vision loss, new University of Oxford research published today shows.
https://www.biyologlar.com/gene-therapy-shows-long-term-benefit-for-treating-rare-blindness-haber-9436 -
Stem cells + nanofibers = Promising nerve research
Every week in his clinic at the University of Michigan, neurologist Joseph Corey, M.D., Ph.D., treats patients whose nerves are dying or shrinking due to disease or injury.
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cells-nanofibers-promising-nerve-research -
Kanserle hayatta kalma konusundaki yeni atlas, yeni tedavilerin bulunmasını sağlayabilir.
Yeni atlas, bazı hastaların neden bu hastalıkla diğerlerine göre daha uzun yaşadığını açıklamaya yardımcı olabilir. Photo: Shutterstock
https://www.biyologlar.com/kanserle-hayatta-kalma-konusundaki-yeni-atlas-yeni-tedavilerin-bulunmasini-saglayabilir- -
Kanserle hayatta kalma konusundaki yeni atlas, yeni tedavilerin bulunmasını sağlayabilir.
Yeni atlas, bazı hastaların neden bu hastalıkla diğerlerine göre daha uzun yaşadığını açıklamaya yardımcı olabilir. Photo: Shutterstock
https://www.biyologlar.com/kanserle-hayatta-kalma-konusundaki-yeni-atlas-yeni-tedavilerin-bulunmasini-saglayabilir- -
Coral reefs in Palau surprisingly resistant to naturally acidified waters
Ocean researchers working on the coral reefs of Palau in 2011 and 2012 made two unexpected discoveries that could provide insight into corals' resistance and resilience to ocean acidification, and aid in the creation of a plan to protect them. The team collected water samples at nine points along a transect that stretched from the open ocean, across the barrier reef, into the lagoon and then into the bays and inlets around the Rock Islands of Palau, in the western Pacific Ocean. With each...
https://www.biyologlar.com/coral-reefs-in-palau-surprisingly-resistant-to-naturally-acidified-waters -
Pancreas stem cell discovery may lead to new diabetes treatments
Stem cells in the adult pancreas have been identified that can be turned into insulin producing cells, a finding that means people with type 1 diabetes might one day be able to regenerate their own insulin-producing cells. The discovery was made by scientists from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and provides further evidence that stem cells don't only occur in the embryo. The ability to produce the hormone insulin is crucial for controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels. In people with...
https://www.biyologlar.com/pancreas-stem-cell-discovery-may-lead-to-new-diabetes-treatments -
Gen aktivitesi üzerinden ölüm zamanı belirlenebilir mi?
Araştırmacılar ölümden bir süre sonra insan dokusunda ortaya çıkan spesifik gen aktivitelerini belirlemeyi başardılar.
https://www.biyologlar.com/gen-aktivitesi-uzerinden-olum-zamani-belirlenebilir-mi -
Gen aktivitesi üzerinden ölüm zamanı belirlenebilir mi?
Araştırmacılar ölümden bir süre sonra insan dokusunda ortaya çıkan spesifik gen aktivitelerini belirlemeyi başardılar.
https://www.biyologlar.com/gen-aktivitesi-uzerinden-olum-zamani-belirlenebilir-mi -
Böcek Koleksiyonu - Insect Collection
Exhibit 3: The flight of insects: specimen collection with ten orders of Insecta "The flight of birds has always arisen the curiosity of researchers. For the physiologist, this type of locomotion is one of the most interesting phenomena, but also one of the most mysterious that Nature presents for studying; for the mechanic, the explanation of aerial locomotion is one of the most beautiful problems that one could investigate. But the subject presents special difficulties. The movements...
https://www.biyologlar.com/bocek-koleksiyonu-insect-collection -
New discovery in living cell signaling
A breakthrough discovery into how living cells process and respond to chemical information could help advance the development of treatments for a large number of cancers and other cellular disorders that have been resistant to therapy. An international collaboration of researchers, led by scientists with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley, have unlocked the secret behind the activation of the...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-discovery-in-living-cell-signaling -
Magnetic nanoparticles could be key to effective immunotherapy
In recent years, researchers have hotly pursued immunotherapy, a promising form of treatment that relies on harnessing and training the body's own immune system to better fight cancer and infection. Now, results of a study led by Johns Hopkins investigators suggests that a device composed of a magnetic column paired with custom-made magnetic nanoparticles may hold a key to bringing immunotherapy into widespread and successful clinical use. A summary of the research, conducted in mouse and human...
https://www.biyologlar.com/magnetic-nanoparticles-could-be-key-to-effective-immunotherapy -
Blocking cells' movement to stop the spread of cancer
Insights into how cells move through the body could lead to innovative techniques to stop cancer cells from spreading and causing secondary tumours, according to new UCL research. Scientists discovered that cells can change into an invasive, liquid-like state to readily navigate the narrow channels in our body. This transformation is triggered by chemical signals, which could be blocked in order to stop cancer cells from spreading. Most cancer deaths are not due to primary tumours, but to...
https://www.biyologlar.com/blocking-cells-movement-to-stop-the-spread-of-cancer -
Scientists discover how 'jumping genes' help black truffles adapt to their environment
Black truffles, also known as Périgord truffles, grow in symbiosis with the roots of oak and hazelnut trees. In the world of haute cuisine, they are expensive and highly prized. In the world of epigenetics, however, the fungi (Tuber melanosporum) are of major interest for another reason: their unique pattern of DNA methylation, a biochemical process that chemically modifies nucleic acids without changing their sequence. Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression caused by...
https://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-discover-how-jumping-genes-help-black-truffles-adapt-to-their-environment -
Scientists reconstruct ancient impact that dwarfs dinosaur-extinction blast
Picture this: A massive asteroid almost as wide as Rhode Island and about three to five times larger than the rock thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs slams into Earth. The collision punches a crater into the planet's crust that's nearly 500 kilometers (about 300 miles) across: greater than the distance from Washington, D.C. to New York City, and up to two and a half times larger in diameter than the hole formed by the dinosaur-killing asteroid. Seismic waves bigger than any recorded...
https://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-reconstruct-ancient-impact-that-dwarfs-dinosaur-extinction-blast -
Simple technology makes CRISPR gene editing cheaper
University of California, Berkeley, researchers have discovered a much cheaper and easier way to target a hot new gene editing tool, CRISPR-Cas9, to cut or label DNA. The CRISPR-Cas9 technique, invented three years ago at UC Berkeley, has taken genomics by storm, with its ability to latch on to a very specific sequence of DNA and cut it, inactivating genes with ease. This has great promise for targeted gene therapy to cure genetic diseases, and for discovering the causes of disease. The...
https://www.biyologlar.com/simple-technology-makes-crispr-gene-editing-cheaper -
Stem cell breakthrough could set up future transplant therapies
A new method for creating stem cells for the human liver and pancreas, which could enable both cell types to be grown in sufficient quantities for clinical use, has been developed by scientists. Using the technique, researchers have for the first time been able to grow a pure, self-renewing population of stem cells specific to the human foregut, the upper section of the human digestive system. These so-called "Foregut stem cells" could then be developed further to produce liver or pancreatic...
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cell-breakthrough-could-set-up-future-transplant-therapies -
Small molecule acts as on-off switch for nature's antibiotic factory
Scientists have identified the developmental on-off switch for Streptomyces, a group of soil microbes that produce more than two-thirds of the world's naturally derived antibiotic medicines. Their hope now would be to see whether it is possible to manipulate this switch to make nature's antibiotic factory more efficient. The study, appearing August 28 in Cell, found that a unique interaction between a small molecule called cyclic-di-GMP and a larger protein called BldD ultimately controls...
https://www.biyologlar.com/small-molecule-acts-as-on-off-switch-for-natures-antibiotic-factory -
Surprising global species shake-up discovered
The diversity of the world's life forms — from corals to carnivores — is under assault. Decades of scientific studies document the fraying of ecosystems and a grim tally of species extinctions due to destroyed habitat, pollution, climate change, invasives and overharvesting. Which makes a recent report in the journal Science rather surprising. Nick Gotelli, a professor at the University of Vermont, with colleagues from Saint Andrews University, Scotland, and the University of Maine,...
https://www.biyologlar.com/surprising-global-species-shake-up-discovered -
Stanford researchers genetically engineer yeast to produce opioids
For thousands of years, people have used yeast to ferment wine, brew beer and leaven bread. Now researchers at Stanford have genetically engineered yeast to make painkilling medicines, a breakthrough that heralds a faster and potentially less expensive way to produce many different types of plant-based medicines. Writing today in Science, the Stanford engineers describe how they reprogrammed the genetic machinery of baker's yeast so that these fast-growing cells could convert sugar into...
https://www.biyologlar.com/stanford-researchers-genetically-engineer-yeast-to-produce-opioids -
New stem cells go back further
One of the obstacles to employing human embryonic stem cells for medical use lies in their very promise: They are born to rapidly differentiate into other cell types.
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-stem-cells-go-back-further -
Stem cells from teeth can make brain-like cells
University of Adelaide researchers have discovered that stem cells taken from teeth can grow to resemble brain cells, suggesting they could one day be used in the brain as a therapy for stroke.
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cells-from-teeth-can-make-brain-like-cells -
Scientists discover an on-off switch for aging cells
Scientists at the Salk Institute have discovered an on-and-off "switch" in cells that may hold the key to healthy aging. This switch points to a way to encourage healthy cells to keep dividing and generating, for example, new lung or liver tissue, even in old age. In our bodies, newly divided cells constantly replenish lungs, skin, liver and other organs. However, most human cells cannot divide indefinitely–with each division, a cellular timekeeper at the ends of chromosomes shortens. When...
https://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-discover-an-on-off-switch-for-aging-cells -
Using DNA origami to build nanodevices of the future
Scientists have been studying ways to use synthetic DNA as a building block for smaller and faster devices. DNA has the advantage of being inherently "coded". Each DNA strand is formed of one of four "codes" that can link to only one complementary code each, thus binding two DNA strands together. Scientists are using this inherent coding to manipulate and "fold" DNA to form "origami nanostructures": extremely small two- and three-dimensional shapes that can then be used as construction material...
https://www.biyologlar.com/using-dna-origami-to-build-nanodevices-of-the-future -
Using DNA origami to build nanodevices of the future
Scientists have been studying ways to use synthetic DNA as a building block for smaller and faster devices. DNA has the advantage of being inherently "coded". Each DNA strand is formed of one of four "codes" that can link to only one complementary code each, thus binding two DNA strands together. Scientists are using this inherent coding to manipulate and "fold" DNA to form "origami nanostructures": extremely small two- and three-dimensional shapes that can then be used as construction material...
https://www.biyologlar.com/using-dna-origami-to-build-nanodevices-of-the-future -
Researchers use human stem cells to create light-sensitive retina in a dish
Using a type of human stem cell, Johns Hopkins researchers say they have created a three-dimensional complement of human retinal tissue in the laboratory, which notably includes functioning photoreceptor cells capable of responding to light, the first step in the process of converting it into visual images.
https://www.biyologlar.com/researchers-use-human-stem-cells-to-create-light-sensitive-retina-in-a-dish -
Genome-wide search reveals new genes involved in long-term memory
A new study has identified genes involved in long-term memory in the worm as part of research aimed at finding ways to retain cognitive abilities during aging. The study, which was published in the journal Neuron, identified more than 750 genes involved in long-term memory, including many that had not been found previously and that could serve as targets for future research, said senior author Coleen Murphy, an associate professor of molecular biology and the Lewis-Sigler Institute for...
https://www.biyologlar.com/genome-wide-search-reveals-new-genes-involved-in-long-term-memory -
New method to grow zebrafish embryonic stem cells can regenerate whole fish
Zebrafish, a model organism that plays an important role in biological research and the discovery and development of new drugs and cell-based therapies, can form embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-method-to-grow-zebrafish-embryonic-stem-cells-can-regenerate-whole-fish -
Detecting HIV diagnostic antibodies with DNA nanomachines
New research may revolutionize the slow, cumbersome and expensive process of detecting the antibodies that can help with the diagnosis of infectious and auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and HIV. An international team of researchers have designed and synthetized a nanometer-scale DNA "machine" whose customized modifications enable it to recognize a specific target antibody. Their new approach, which they described this month in Angewandte Chemie, promises to support the...
https://www.biyologlar.com/detecting-hiv-diagnostic-antibodies-with-dna-nanomachines -
Damaged DNA may stall patrolling molecule to initiate repair
Sites where DNA is damaged may cause a molecule that slides along the DNA strand to scan for damage to slow on its patrol, delaying it long enough to recognize and initiate repair. The finding suggests that the delay itself may be the key that allows the protein molecule to find its target, according to researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Usually, the repair protein zips along quickly, says Anjum Ansari, UIC professor of physics and co-principal investigator on the study,...
https://www.biyologlar.com/damaged-dna-may-stall-patrolling-molecule-to-initiate-repair -
Logging means ants, worms and other invertebrates lose rainforest dominance
Invertebrates perform essential functions for the smooth running of the ecosystems in tropical forests. For example, creatures such as termites and millipedes help dead leaves decompose and release their nutrients back into the soil, and carnivorous ants and spiders act as predators of herbivorous invertebrates that would otherwise munch through all the foliage. Nearly a half of all tropical rainforests worldwide have been logged, and this often causes heavy changes to the number and type of...
https://www.biyologlar.com/logging-means-ants-worms-and-other-invertebrates-lose-rainforest-dominance -
Scientists develop mesh that captures oil -- but lets water through
The unassuming piece of stainless steel mesh in a lab at The Ohio State University doesn't look like a very big deal, but it could make a big difference for future environmental cleanups. Water passes through the mesh but oil doesn't, thanks to a nearly invisible oil-repelling coating on its surface. In tests, researchers mixed water with oil and poured the mixture onto the mesh. The water filtered through the mesh to land in a beaker below. The oil collected on top of the mesh, and rolled...
https://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-develop-mesh-that-captures-oil-but-lets-water-through -
Virginia Tech researchers take cue from spider glue in efforts to create new materials
A taut tug on the line signals the arrival of dinner, and the leggy spider dashes across the web to find a tasty squirming insect. The spider, known as an orb weaver, must perfectly execute this moment, from a lightning-fast reaction to an artfully spun web glistening with sticky glue. This glue -- created when glycoproteins are secreted from a spider's abdomen and interact with the atmosphere -- has been studied for the past 12 years by Brent Opell, a professor of biological sciences in the...
https://www.biyologlar.com/virginia-tech-researchers-take-cue-from-spider-glue-in-efforts-to-create-new-materials -
Role of telomeres in plant stem cells discovered
The role played by telomeres in mammalian cells has been known for several years. It is also known that these non-coding DNA sequences, which are found at the ends of the chromosomes, protect them and are necessary to ensure correct cell division.
https://www.biyologlar.com/role-of-telomeres-in-plant-stem-cells-discovered -
Stem cells might heal damaged lungs
Collectively, such diseases of the airways as emphysema, bronchitis, asthma and cystic fibrosis are the second leading cause of death worldwide.
https://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cells-might-heal-damaged-lungs -
New brain mapping reveals unknown cell types
Using a process known as single cell sequencing, scientists at Karolinska Institutet have produced a detailed map of cortical cell types and the genes active within them. The study, which is published in the journal 'Science', marks the first time this method of analysis has been used on such a large scale on such complex tissue. The team studied over three thousand cells, one at a time, and even managed to identify a number of hitherto unknown types. "If you compare the brain to a fruit...
https://www.biyologlar.com/new-brain-mapping-reveals-unknown-cell-types -
Functional human liver cells grown in the lab
In new research appearing in the prestigious journal Nature Biotechnology, an international research team led by The Hebrew University of Jerusalem describes a new technique for growing human hepatocytes in the laboratory. This groundbreaking development could help advance a variety of liver-related research and applications, from studying drug toxicity to creating bio-artificial liver support for patients awaiting transplantations. The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body,...
https://www.biyologlar.com/functional-human-liver-cells-grown-in-the-lab -
Scientists create functional liver cells from stem cells
The liver plays a critical role in human metabolism. As the gatekeeper of the digestive track, this massive organ is responsible for drug breakdown and is therefore the first to be injured due to overdose or misuse. Evaluating this drug-induced liver injury is a critical part of pharmaceutical drug discovery and must be carried out on human liver cells. Regretfully, human liver cells, called hepatocytes, are in scarce supply as they can only be isolated from donated organs. Now, in research...
https://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-create-functional-liver-cells-from-stem-cells -
Why some neurons 'outsource' their cell body
Nerve cells come in very different shapes. Researchers at the Bernstein Center Berlin now reveal why, in insects, the cell body is usually located at the end of a separate extension. Using mathematical models, they show that this increases the strength of electrical signal transmission at no additional energetic cost. Nerve cells follow a functional design: They receive input signals over more or less ramified cell branches (dendrites), which they forward to other nerve cells along an...
https://www.biyologlar.com/why-some-neurons-outsource-their-cell-body -
Restoring vision with stem cells
Age-related macular degeneration (AMRD) could be treated by transplanting photoreceptors produced by the directed differentiation of stem cells, thanks to findings published today by Professor Gilbert Bernier of the University of Montreal and its affiliated Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital. ARMD is a common eye problem caused by the loss of cones. Bernier's team has developed a highly effective in vitro technique for producing light sensitive retina cells from human embryonic stem cells. "Our...
https://www.biyologlar.com/restoring-vision-with-stem-cells -
Brazilian beef industry moves to reduce its destruction of rain forests
Expansion of cattle pastures has led to the destruction of huge swaths of rain forest in Brazil, home to the world's largest herd of commercial beef cattle. But a new study led by the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Holly Gibbs shows that market-driven "zero deforestation agreements" have dramatically influenced the behavior of ranchers and the slaughterhouses to which they sell. Publishing today [May 12, 2015] in the journal Conservation Letters, the research team - including other...
https://www.biyologlar.com/brazilian-beef-industry-moves-to-reduce-its-destruction-of-rain-forests -
Nano-walkers take speedy leap forward with first rolling DNA-based motor
Physical chemists have devised a rolling DNA-based motor that's 1,000 times faster than any other synthetic DNA motor, giving it potential for real-world applications, such as disease diagnostics. Nature Nanotechnology is publishing the finding. "Unlike other synthetic DNA-based motors, which use legs to 'walk' like tiny robots, ours is the first rolling DNA motor, making it far faster and more robust," says Khalid Salaita, the Emory University chemist who led the research. "It's like the...
https://www.biyologlar.com/nano-walkers-take-speedy-leap-forward-with-first-rolling-dna-based-motor -
Are embryonic stem cells and artificial stem cells equivalent?
Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI) researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School have found new evidence suggesting some human induced pluripotent stem cells are the 'functional equivalent' of human embryonic stem cells, a finding that may begin to settle a long running argument. The findings were published this week in Nature Biotechnology. From 1998 until 2007 embryonic stem cells (ES cells) were the only human cells known with the potential to become any other...
https://www.biyologlar.com/are-embryonic-stem-cells-and-artificial-stem-cells-equivalent -
Unpacking embryonic pluripotency
Researchers at EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) and the Wellcome Trust- Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute at the University of Cambridge have identified factors that spark the formation of pluripotent cells.
https://www.biyologlar.com/unpacking-embryonic-pluripotency -
Bering Sea hotspot for corals and sponges
North of the Aleutian Islands, submarine canyons in the cold waters of the eastern Bering Sea contain a highly productive "green belt" that is home to deep-water corals as well as a plethora of fish and marine mammals. Situated along the continental slope, the area also supports a thriving -- but potentially environmentally damaging -- bottom-trawling fishing industry that uses large weighted nets dragged across the seafloor to scoop up everything in their path. A new study, conducted by...
https://www.biyologlar.com/bering-sea-hotspot-for-corals-and-sponges