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Toplam 628 kayıt bulundu.
3. ULUSAL ÇEVRE KONGRESİ
Kongre tarihi : 30 Temmuz – 3 Ağustos 2016
http://www.biyologlar.com/3-ulusal-cevre-kongresi
Study accurately dates coral loss at Great Barrier Reef
Historical and modern photographs of Stone Island taken in a) 1915 (photographer unknown); b) 1994 (photographer A. Elliot © Commonwealth of Australia GBRMPA); c) 2012 (photographer H. Markham); and Bramston Reef taken in d) c.1890 (W. Saville-Kent); e) 1994 (photographer A. Elliot © Commonwealth of Australia GBRMPA); f) 2012 (photographer T. Clark). Landscape features in the background of the images helped to locate the same sites: Gloucester Island (GI) and Cape Gloucester (CG). Credit Source: Clark et al. 2016. The timing of significant Great Barrier Reef coral loss captured by a series of historical photos has been accurately determined for the first time by a University of Queensland)-led study.
http://www.biyologlar.com/study-accurately-dates-coral-loss-at-great-barrier-reef-haber-8729
Cıvık Mantarlar Ögrendiklerini Diğer Cıvık Mantarlara Aktarabiliyorlar
P. polycephalum, bir hücreli organizma, daha çok cıvık mantar olarak bilinir. Laboratuarda agarda büyütülebilir. Credit: Audrey Dussutour (CNRS)
http://www.biyologlar.com/civik-mantarlar-ogrendiklerini-diger-civik-mantarlara-aktarabiliyorlar
Monterey Körfezin’de bir asır sonra yeniden bulunan canlı
Bilim adamları, 1900 yılında ilk kez tarif edildiğinden beri kesin olarak görülemeyen garip ve zor bulunan bir yaratığın bulgularını doğruladılar.
http://www.biyologlar.com/monterey-korfezinde-bir-asir-sonra-yeniden-bulunan-canli
Genomda İnsan Beyni İçin Önemli Endojenik Retrovirüsler
Brattas ve ark. ERV'lerin insan sinir öncü hücrelerinde TRIM28 ile bağlandığını bildirmiştir. Bu, gelişmekte olan insan beynindeki transkripsiyonel ağların kontrolünde ERV'ler için bir rol teşkil ederek, yakın gen ekspresyonunu etkileyen yerel heterokromatin oluşturulmasına neden olur.
http://www.biyologlar.com/genomda-insan-beyni-icin-onemli-endojenik-retrovirusler
Antibiyotik Kıyameti Ve Bilinmesi Gerekenler
Antibiyotiklerin direnci bizler antibiyotikleri sıklık ve hevesle kullanmadan çok önce başlamıştır. Modern bakterilerin antibiyotiklere karşı kendilerini korumak için kullandıkları genler, 30.000 yıldan uzun bir süredir Arctic permafrost'ta donmuş antik bakterilerde bulunmuştur. (Credit: Alamy)
http://www.biyologlar.com/antibiyotik-kiyameti-ve-bilinmesi-gerekenler
Avustralya, Kanser Türlerinden Birini Tamamen Ortadan Kaldıran İlk Ülke Olabilir.
Uluslararası Papilloma Virus Derneği, Avustralya'nın rahim ağzı kanserini tamamen ortadan kaldıran ilk ülke olabileceğini açıkladı.
http://www.biyologlar.com/avustralya-kanser-turlerinden-birini-tamamen-ortadan-kaldiran-ilk-ulke-olabilir-
The Genetic Structure of Anatolia: From the Neolithic to the Oghuz Migrations
Anatolia has witnessed many migrations and has been home to a variety of civilizations. The increasing availability of ancient DNA samples from different periods and cultures makes it now possible to examine the genetic changes that have taken place in Anatolia since the Neolithic. The ancient DNA revolution has already dispelled many myths, but myths and legends die hard. Some of the more persistent ones concern the impact of the last migration wave to hit Anatolia, marked by the arrival of the Oghuz Turks. While the Oghuz’ cultural impact is undeniable, the significance of their genetic legacy is still contested by some. Although there are still some missing links in the DNA record, the available evidence allows us to put the “no true Turkmen fallacy” to the test. Anatolia_Neolithic: Neolithic sample from central Anatolia (Tep002, Tepecik-Çiftlik, 6680-6590 BC). Anatolia_Chalcolithic: Chalcolithic sample from western Anatolia (I1584, Barcın, 3943-3708 BC). Anatolia_Bronze_Age: Bronze Age sample from western Anatolia (I2683, Harmanören-Göndürle, 2500-1800 BC). Greek_Cappadocia: Average of Cappadocian Greek samples from our project databese. Turk_Cappadocia: Average of Cappadocian Turkish samples from our project databese. Turk_Anatolia: Average of all Anatolian Turkish samples from our project database. Due to its inclusion of hunter-gatherer and farmer related components, I’ve thought it would be appropriate to start with the puntDNAL K12 calculator. Neolithic to Chalcolitic transition: We see a dramatic decrease in the Anatolian_Neolithic component in the Chalcolithic sample, and an increase in the Caucasus_HG component. This change seems to be caused by a large-scale migration of people heavy in Caucasus_HG/Iran_N ancestry. Chalcolithic to Bronze Age transition: The low quality of this sample causes the admixture results to be quite noisy, but an increase in the Near_East component can be observed. Lazaridis 2016 determined that the Bronze Age sample can be best modelled as a three-way mix of 62% Anatolia_N + 32% CHG + 6% Levant_N. Let’s continue with the Eurogenes K13 calculator. If we assume that our modern-day Cappadocian Greek average is representative of the genetic profile of Cappadocian Greeks during the times of the Byzantine Empire, then we can conclude that the Oghuz migrations, which started in the 11th century and continued for hundreds of years, had a significant impact on the genetic structure of Anatolia. The differences we observe between our samples of Cappadocian Greeks and Cappadocian Turks allows us to gain some insights into the genetic profile of the incoming Oghuz Turks: From the observation that Anatolia_Neolithic related components (such as West_Med and East_Med) show significant declines, while the West_Asian component doesn’t, we can deduce that this component was one of the major components that the Seljuk era Oghuz brought with them. The increase that we can see in the Baltic component is not surprising, given that modern Central Asians have greater amounts of Baltic admixture than West Asians. The fact that the proportions of the West Asian component barely changed, while at the same time the South_Asian component (a proxy for Iran_N related ancestry) increased, indicates that we should focus on the region south of the Aral Sea. Let’s add a couple of samples from the south of the Aral Sea. Turkmen_TM: Average of Turkmen samples from Turkmenistan (Ashgabat). Turkmen_UZ: Average of Turkmen samples from Uzbekistan. Uzbek_UZ: Average of Uzbek samples from Uzbekistan. We can take a look at the closest populations for some of our sample averages with the help of the 4-Ancestors Oracle. The numbers to the right of the population names (@ x) are least-squares distances, the smaller the numbers the closer the populations are to each other. A distance greater than 10 cannot be considered close. Anatolia_Chalcolithic Least-squares method. Using 1 population approximation: 1 Anatolia_Chalcolithic @ 0 2 Anatolia_Bronze_Age @ 11,805973 3 Greek_Cappadocia @ 13,443617 4 South_Italian @ 14,011506 5 Cyprian @ 15,958764 6 Sephardic_Jewish @ 17,037429 7 Central_Greek @ 17,24864 8 Italian_Jewish @ 17,53137 9 East_Sicilian @ 17,655078 10 Italian_Abruzzo @ 19,476547 211 iterations. Anatolia_Bronze_Age Least-squares method. Using 1 population approximation: 1 Anatolia_Bronze_Age @ 0,453767 2 Cyprian @ 7,171295 3 Greek_Cappadocia @ 10,516959 4 Anatolia_Chalcolithic @ 11,841659 5 Lebanese_Muslim @ 12,632653 6 Lebanese_Christian @ 14,350529 7 Samaritan @ 14,435627 8 Syrian @ 15,324154 9 Sephardic_Jewish @ 16,596795 10 Armenian_West @ 17,191345 211 iterations. Greek_Cappadocia Least-squares method. Using 1 population approximation: 1 Greek_Cappadocia @ 0,245893 2 Armenian_West @ 10,245416 3 Anatolia_Bronze_Age @ 10,41903 4 Greek_Pontus @ 10,828287 5 Cyprian @ 11,707179 6 Assyrian @ 12,161285 7 Lebanese_Muslim @ 12,184882 8 Turk_Cappadocia @ 13,231142 9 Anatolia_Chalcolithic @ 13,441605 10 Turk_Anatolia @ 14,188997 211 iterations. We can make the differences clearer with the help of a PCA of Anatolia and Central Asia. The Turkish averages cluster between Greek_Cappadocia and Central Asian averages. The Central Asian genetic legacy of Turks pulls Turk_Anatolia and Turk_Cappadocia away from Greek_Cappadocia, Anatolia_Bronze_Age and Anatolia_Chalcolithic. This is what happens when we add Armenian and Kurdish averages to the PCA. In a dendrogram of Anatolian samples, Greek_Cappadocia clusters with Anatolia_BA (Bronze Age) and Anatolia_CHL (Chalcolithic), while the Turkish samples form their own cluster. In light of all this data, we can conclude that during the long time span from the Neolithic to the Oghuz migrations the genetic structure of Anatolia underwent successive transformations, and that the last big change was caused by the Oghuz migrations. SOURCES: The Demographic Development of the First Farmers in Anatolia Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans www.familytreedna.com/groups/oghuz-turks Yazar: B. Danişmend http://www.haplogruplar.com/the-genetic-structure-of-anatolia-from-the-neolithic-to-the-oghuz-migrations/
http://www.biyologlar.com/the-genetic-structure-of-anatolia-from-the-neolithic-to-the-oghuz-migrations
ULUSAL MOLEKÜLER BİYOLOJİ VE BİYOTEKNOLOJİ KONGRESİ
Kongre Tarihi: 18-21 Temmuz 2016 Kongre Merkezi : Konya Deman otel
http://www.biyologlar.com/ulusal-molekuler-biyoloji-ve-biyoteknoloji-kongresi
Kanatlı böcekler ciddi oranlarda kayba uğruyor ve bunun için kesinlikle endişelenmeliyiz
Onlara hayatta kalmaları için nasıl yardım da edebiliriz: Fotoğraf: Michael Podger/Unsplash
http://www.biyologlar.com/kanatli-bocekler-ciddi-oranlarda-kayba-ugruyor-ve-bunun-icin-kesinlikle-endiselenmeliyiz
Mide Kanserinde MikroRNA Deregülasyonu ve MikroRNA Hedeflerinin Mekanizmaları
Mide kanseri dünya çapında kansere bağlı ölümlere neden olan bir genetik hastalıktır. Bu hastalık üzerine her ne kadar çalışma yapılmış olsa da mide tümör oluşumunun ,yayılmasının ve metastasının moleküler mekanizması hala açıklanamamıştır.
http://www.biyologlar.com/mide-kanserinde-mikrorna-deregulasyonu-ve-mikrorna-hedeflerinin-mekanizmalari
2. Ulusal Alg Teknolojisi Sempozyumu
KOngre Tarihi : 24-27 Mayıs 2016 Kongre Merkezi : Euphoria Aegean Otel Seferihisar / İzmir
http://www.biyologlar.com/2-ulusal-alg-teknolojisi-sempozyumu
Anadolu Diyagonali
Anadolu'nun biyoçeşitliliğini anlamamız açısından önemli olan biyocoğrafi özelliklerden biri de Anadolu diyagonalidir
http://www.biyologlar.com/anadolu-diyagonali
23. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi
23. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, 5-9 Eylül 2016 tarihlerinde sizlerin katılımıyla Gaziantep’ te düzenlenecektir.
http://www.biyologlar.com/23-ulusal-biyoloji-kongresi
V Ulusal Moleküler Biyoloji ve Biyoteknoloji Kongresi
Kongre Tariihi : 18-21 Temmuz 2016 Kongre Yeri :Dedeman otel / KONYA
http://www.biyologlar.com/v-ulusal-molekuler-biyoloji-ve-biyoteknoloji-kongresi
3. Uluslararası Biyosidal Kongresi
Kongre Tarihi : 22-25 Kasım 2016 Kongre Merkezi : Antalya Maritim Pine Beach Hotel
http://www.biyologlar.com/3-uluslararasi-biyosidal-kongresi
II. BİYOLOJİ ÖĞRENCİ KONGRESİ 2016
Kongre Tarihi: 10-12 Mart 2016 Kongre Merkezi : Kocaeli Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Baki Komşuoğlu Kültür ve kongre merkezi
http://www.biyologlar.com/ii-biyoloji-ogrenci-kongresi-2016
Anadolu Ve Neandertaller
09 Ağustos 2016 da Neandertallerin son buzullararası dönemdeki (120-140 bin yıl önce) ekolojik nişi ve coğrafi dağılımı üzerine bir çalışma yayınlandı (1).
http://www.biyologlar.com/anadolu-ve-neandertaller
Anadolu Diyagonalinin İki Yakasında Kış Uykusu
Ankara'da doğal ortamda Anadolu yer sincaplarının kış uykusunun sıcaklık veri toplama üniteleriyle izlenmesine dayanan çalışmamızı paylaşıyorum (1; Görsel 1).
http://www.biyologlar.com/anadolu-diyagonalinin-iki-yakasinda-kis-uykusu
Dağıtım Deposu Kalite Uzmanı
Genel Nitelikler•Eczacı, Kimya Mühendisi, Kimyager, Biyolog•Farmasötik Üretim ve Kalite Yönetiminde min.5 yıl GMP ve Mesleki deneyim•İyi düzeyde İngilizce yazma ve okuma becerisi tercih sebebidir•MS Office, MS Windows, SAP, MS Outlook kullanabilme İş Tanımı•Tedarik Zinciri departmanının belirlediği öncelik sırasına göre, bitmiş ürünleri (genel itibariyle import ve sekonder ambalajlama yerinde işlem görmüş ve fason firmada üretilen ürünler) serbest bırakmak ve numune alımı, arşiv numuneleri ve parti dokümanlarının arşivlenmesini organize etmek. İmport ürünlerin tüm Kalite Yönetimi Master Datalarını yönetmek ve piyasadan iade edilen ürünleri değerlendirerek iade edilen ürünlerin kullanım kararı konusunda Kalite Güvence Müdürünü ve Lokal Kalite Temsilcisini desteklemek.•Dağıtım deposunda saklanan ürünlerin uygun koşullarda saklanmasını sağlamak ve transport validasyonları ile, soğuk zincir ürünlerinin uygun koşullarda transfer edilmesini sağlamak.•Global talepler doğrultusunda, yeni/mevcut ürünlerin yeniden ambalajlama ve yeniden etiketleme gereklilikleri durumunda, ilgili ambalajlama formlarının hazırlanması ve gerekli taleplerin ilgili sistemlerde başlatılması•Verimli ekip çalışmasına odaklı, profesyonel, adil, kişileri eğiten, motive edici, ilham verici ve girişimci bir çalışma ortamı yaratmak ve Dağıtım Deposu Kalite Yetkilisi, Kalite Güvence Müdürü, Kalite Grup Müdürü, İK ve yasal gerekliliklere başvurarak kişilerin işe alınması ve geliştirilmesini desteklemek.Şehir/Ülke: İstanbul(Asya)İlan Tarihi: 05.04.2016Personel Sayısı: (Belirtilmemiştir)AYRINTILAR VE MÜRACAAT İÇİN KARİYER.NET
http://www.biyologlar.com/dagitim-deposu-kalite-uzmani
GMP Uyumluluk Uzmanı
Genel Nitelikler•Biyolog, Eczacı, Kimya Mühendisi, Kimyager•Farmasötik Üretim ve Kalite Yönetiminde min. 3 yıl GMP ve mesleki deneyim•MS Office, MS Windows, Lotus Notes kullanabilmek•İyi düzeyde İngilizce yazma ve okuma becerisine sahip olmak İş Tanımı•©GMP kurallarına uygunluğu sağlamak için, Bayer Politika & Global SOP’lerini yerel Dökümantasyon Sistemi içine adapte etmek ve bu yerel SOP lere göre tüm personel için iş eğitim programlarını planlamak, uygulamak ve takip etmek. •Compliance Management System dökümanlarının adaptasyonunu takip etmek.•Eğitimlerin (GMP-SOP-Yeni İşe Başlayan) zamanında ve eksiksiz gerçekleşmesinisağlamak. •Standart Operasyon Prosedürleri sisteminin güncelliğini sağlamak ve bölüme ait genel SOP’leri hazırlamak. •Tüm Kalite Güvence dökümanlarının işleyişi ,takibi, dağıtımı, imha ve arşivleme aktivitelerini ©GMP kuralları doğrultusunda gerçekleştirmek.Şehir/Ülke: İstanbul(Avr.)İlan Tarihi: 15.04.2016Personel Sayısı: (Belirtilmemiştir)AYRINTILAR VE MÜRACAAT İÇİN KARİYER.NET
http://www.biyologlar.com/gmp-uyumluluk-uzmani
Shiny fish skin inspires nanoscale light reflectors
A nature-inspired method to model the reflection of light from the skin of silvery fish and other organisms may be possible, according to Penn State researchers. Such a technique may be applicable to developing better broadband reflectors and custom multi-spectral filters for a wide variety of applications, including advanced optical coatings for glass, laser protection, infrared imaging systems, optical communication systems and photovoltaics, according to Douglas Werner, John L. and Genevieve H. McCain Chair Professor in Electrical Engineering, Penn State. The proposed model also contributes to the understanding of the reflective layering in the skin of some organisms. The shiny skins of certain ribbonfish reflect light across a broad range of wavelengths, giving them a brilliant metallic appearance. The reflectivity is the result of stacked layers of crystalline organic compounds embedded in their skin's cytoplasm. Some organisms with metallic sheens have layers that are stacked in a regular pattern, while others, including the ribbonfish, have stacking patterns described as "chaotic" or random. The Penn State team determined that the stacking is not completely random and developed mathematical algorithms to replicate those patterns in semiconductor materials. "We are proposing a model that uses fractal geometry to describe the layering in the biological structure of silvery fish," says Jeremy Bossard, postdoctoral researcher in electrical engineering, Penn State. "While we are not trying to reproduce the structure found in nature, the same model could guide the design of devices such as broadband mirrors." Fractals have been called the "geometry of nature" because they can help describe the irregular but self-similar patterns that occur in natural objects such as branching tree limbs. The researchers use a one-dimensional fractal, known as a Cantor bar fractal, which is a line divided by spaces or gaps. Normally, Cantor fractals appear to be very regular, but when random changes are introduced to the geometry, a more complex pattern emerges. The pattern resembles the layering of reflective layers in ribbonfish skin. "There is an underlying pattern, but there is randomness built in," says Bossard, "similar to the way that living trees have an overall fractal pattern but do not grow symmetrically." The researchers then use another nature-inspired computational method called a genetic algorithm that mimics Darwinian evolution to create successive generations of fractal patterns from the parent patterns. Over approximately 100 generations, the patterns converge on the best design to meet all the target requirements. Using these fractal random Cantor bars and the genetic algorithm, the researchers were able to mathematically generate patterns targeting optical functions in the mid-infrared and near-infrared ranges, including broadband reflection. They propose that the design approach could be used to develop nanoscale stacks with customized reflective spectra. The research results are reported in the January 13, 2016 issue of the Journal of the Royal Society Interface in "Evolving random fractal Cantor superlattices for the infrared using a genetic algorithm." Lan Lin, a recent Ph.D. graduate in electrical engineering, also contributed to the work and performed materials fabrication and characterization for the project. Source: Penn State http://www.biologynews.net
http://www.biyologlar.com/shiny-fish-skin-inspires-nanoscale-light-reflectors
Mantis shrimp inspires next generation of ultra-strong materials
This is the herringbone structure of the outer layer (impact region) of the mantis shrimp dactyl club.
http://www.biyologlar.com/mantis-shrimp-inspires-next-generation-of-ultra-strong-materials
Stem cell transplant from young to old can heal stomach ulcers
Bethesda, MD (June 16, 2016) -- Basic and translational research paves the way for breakthroughs that can ultimately change patient care. Three new studies from Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology (CMGH) -- AGA's basic and translational open-access journal -- provide a glimpse into future treatment strategies for stomach ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease and alcoholic liver disease. Please find summaries below. To speak with the journal authors, please email media@gastro.org. Healing Stomach Ulcers Through Stem Cell Transplantation The Development of Spasmolytic Polypeptide/TFF2-Expressing Metaplasia (SPEM) During Gastric Repair Is Absent in the Aged Stomach By Amy C. Engevik, et al. Ulcers of the stomach are more common as we age due to a variety of changes, including reduced ability to heal small injuries. Engevik and colleagues show that gastric stem cells isolated from young mice can be transplanted into sites of injury within the stomachs of older mice, and that this results in accelerated repair. The ability of the transplanted young mouse cells, but not stem cells from older mice, to differentiate into a specialized cell type, termed SPEM, which is central to the healing process, appears to be a central component of this. While more work must be done, it is clear that this approach, or other means of inducing older cells to differentiate into SPEM, would be powerful in treatment of gastric injury. Rethinking the Role of the Gut Microbiome in IBD Microgeographic Proteomic Networks of the Human Colonic Mucosa and Their Association With Inflammatory Bowel Disease By Xiaoxiao Li, et al. The intestinal microbiome has been the subject of intense scientific and lay interest over the past decade, and changes have been correlated with disease states. Most of this work has, however, relied on analyses of microbes within stool, which may not be representative of microbial populations that interface directly with the intestinal lining, i.e. mucosal surface. Further, characterization of stool microbes does not allow analysis of differences that may be present in separate regions of the intestine. Li and colleagues analyzed microbial proteins at the surface of six separate sites within the colon of healthy subjects and those with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. The data show that microbial populations at mucosal surfaces are related, but distinct, in separate regions of the colon. This suggests that we must change our view of the microbiome as a soup in which all components are present in equal proportions at all sites to that of a mosaic composed of networks reflecting local mucosal ecology. Such understanding is essential as efforts to manipulate the microbiome for therapeutic purposes continue. Hydrazine Shows Potential as Therapy for Acute Alcoholic Liver Disease Acrolein Is a Pathogenic Mediator of Alcoholic Liver Disease and the Scavenger Hydralazine Is Protective in Mice By Wei-Yang Chen, et al. Liver disease is caused by many disorders and toxic agents, of which alcohol is the most common. However, the underlying cellular processes that cause widespread damage, which can lead to cirrhosis, are not well defined. Chen and colleagues demonstrates that acrolein -- a byproduct of alcohol consumption that is increased with increased dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids -- mediates many of the damaging effects of alcohol on the liver. Hydrazine -- an acrolein scavenger in clinical use -- protected mice from the damaging effects of alcohol, suggesting that hydralazine or similar drugs might be potential therapies in acute alcoholic liver disease. Want more basic and translational research? Review other CMGH articles in press by visiting http://cmghjournal.org/inpress. For all of the articles highlighted here, the authors have no conflicts to disclose. Source: American Gastroenterological Association http://www.biologynews.net
http://www.biyologlar.com/stem-cell-transplant-from-young-to-old-can-heal-stomach-ulcers
DNA damage by ultrashort pulses of intense laser light
DNA damage caused by very low-energy electrons and OH-radicals formed upon irradiation of water by ultrashort pulses of very intense laser light.
http://www.biyologlar.com/dna-damage-by-ultrashort-pulses-of-intense-laser-light
Watching the luminescent gene switch
The system consists of two newly developed programs that automatically identify the 3-D positions of target areas based on the signals from the scintillators (shown as white dots), and determine...
http://www.biyologlar.com/watching-the-luminescent-gene-switch
Küpeli Yılan (Natrix natrix)
Fotoğraf: Prof.Dr. Ahmet KARATAŞ
http://www.biyologlar.com/kupeli-yilan-natrix-natrix
Breakthrough in scaling up life-changing stem cell production
Scientists have discovered a new method of creating human stem cells which could solve the big problem of the large-scale production needed to fully realise the potential of these remarkable cells for understanding and treating disease.
http://www.biyologlar.com/breakthrough-in-scaling-up-life-changing-stem-cell-production
Four newly identified genes could improve rice
The GWAS results for genes that influence flowering dates. The known genes Hd1, Hd2, and Hd6 were located, together with two newly-identified genes that also affect flowering dates.
http://www.biyologlar.com/four-newly-identified-genes-could-improve-rice
Nükleerden uzak durmamız için 8 neden
Akkuyu NGS ile enerjide dışa bağımlılıktan kurtulacak mıyız?
http://www.biyologlar.com/nukleerden-uzak-durmamiz-icin-8-neden
Gene Drive Technology: Where is the future?
Gene drive technologies may one day help alleviate the burden caused by diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and other animal vectors.
http://www.biyologlar.com/gene-drive-technology-where-is-the-future
Thousands on one chip: New method to study proteins
Protein microarrays like this allow the investigation of thousands of proteins in a single experiment. Microarrays are only a few centimeters in size and host thousands of individual test spots...
http://www.biyologlar.com/thousands-on-one-chip-new-method-to-study-proteins
Quantum dots with impermeable shell: A powerful tool for nanoengineering
Images of ZnO quantum dots prepared by the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, taken by transmission electron microscopy. False colors.
http://www.biyologlar.com/quantum-dots-with-impermeable-shell-a-powerful-tool-for-nanoengineeringIn some genetic cases of microcephaly, stem cells fail to launch
In a very severe, genetic form of microcephaly, stem cells in the brain fail to divide, according to a new Columbia University Medical Center study that may provide important clues to understanding how the Zika virus affects the developing brain.
http://www.biyologlar.com/in-some-genetic-cases-of-microcephaly-stem-cells-fail-to-launch
CRISPR gene editing reveals new therapeutic approach for blood disorders
This is a scanning electron micrograph of sickled and other red blood cells.
http://www.biyologlar.com/crispr-gene-editing-reveals-new-therapeutic-approach-for-blood-disorders
Legions of nanorobots target cancerous tumors with precision
The legions of nanorobotic agents are actually composed of more than 100 million flagellated bacteria
http://www.biyologlar.com/legions-of-nanorobots-target-cancerous-tumors-with-precision
Purest yet liver-like cells generated from induced pluripotent stem cells
This image shows induced pluripotent stem cells expressing a characteristic cell surface protein called SSEA4 (green).
http://www.biyologlar.com/purest-yet-liver-like-cells-generated-from-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells
More tomatoes, faster: Accelerating tomato engineering
A researcher transfers tomato plantlets from a plate of regeneration medium.
http://www.biyologlar.com/more-tomatoes-faster-accelerating-tomato-engineering
Scientists discover protein's starring role in genome stability, and possibly cancer prevention
If you have a soft spot for unsung heroes, you'll love a DNA repair protein called XPG. Scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) discovered that XPG plays a previously unknown and critical role helping to maintain genome stability in human cells. Their findings also raise the possibility that the protein helps prevent breast, ovarian, and other cancers associated with defective BRCA genes. The research, which is published online Jan. 28, 2016 in the journal Molecular Cell, indicates XPG is essential to our health in ways far beyond it's been given credit for. "We discovered a new function for an "old" repair protein that shows the protein is key to genome stability, and is probably important for suppressing breast and ovarian cancer," says Priscilla Cooper of Berkeley Lab's Biological Systems and Engineering Division. She conducted the research with Kelly Trego and several other Berkeley Lab researchers, and scientists from Colorado State University, Yale University, and Erasmus University Medical Center in the Netherlands. Scientists have known for years that XPG helps carry out a DNA repair process that activates when only one of DNA's two strands is damaged. The process, called nucleotide excision repair, removes DNA lesions caused by sun exposure, chemotherapy, and other sources. Now, to their surprise, the Berkeley Lab scientists discovered XPG is also instrumental in a process called homologous recombination, which repairs breaks on both DNA strands in cells that are copying their genomes to get ready to divide. Double-strand breaks are especially perilous to an organism because they can lead to genome rearrangements in a cell. The scientists learned that XPG interacts with at least five other cellular proteins, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, to carry out homologous recombination. Defects in genes that express BRCA1 and BRCA2 are known causes of breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. Their new study shows that cells with reduced levels of XPG have a much higher prevalence of genome instability in the form of cell cycle defects, DNA double-strand breaks, chromosomal abnormalities, and other problems. The first hint that XPG does something in addition to nucleotide excision repair came about two decades ago when scientists learned that particular mutations in the gene that codes for XPG cause an extremely rare and devastating premature aging disorder called Cockayne syndrome. Nucleotide excision repair is not implicated in Cockayne syndrome, so scientists knew XPG must play a role in another fundamental cellular process. What that function was, however, remained a big mystery. "We've spent the past several years searching for this unknown function of XPG," says Trego. To begin their search, the Berkeley Lab scientists reduced the expression of XPG in human cells and studied what happened. These "knockdown" cells had a slew of problems associated with cell growth and cell cycle, as well as an increase in DNA double-strand breaks. Next, the scientists set out to determine whether these problems are caused by a breakdown in the DNA replication process, in which two identical copies of DNA are made from one DNA molecule. They treated the cells with a chemical that causes replicative stress, and sure enough, the cells with reduced XPG levels were much more susceptible to the chemical. This narrowed the search to homologous recombination repair, which is the most prevalent way of fixing broken replication forks. More research all but confirmed XPG's importance in homologous recombination repair: the scientists found that cells with reduced levels of XPG had a 50 percent loss in the repair process. In a final step, the scientists mapped out mechanistically how XPG helps drive homologous recombination repair. Their results suggest that XPG swoops in during the initial stage of the process to clear chromatin of BRCA1, a protein that helps initiate repair. This step is thought to serve as a "reset button" for homologous recombination repair to allow the process to proceed. Almost nothing was known about this important step until now. The scientists also found that XPG interacts with BRCA2 during a later stage in the process to load a protein called RAD51 onto DNA in need of repair. RAD51 is the "recombinase" protein that is essential for carrying out homologous recombination repair, but it needs help loading onto damaged DNA to perform its function. "Until now, these direct interactions between XPG and BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51 during homologous recombination repair were unknown," says Cooper. "These interactions, and the greatly increased genome instability that occurs in XPG's absence, strongly suggest the protein is another important tumor-suppressor protein." Source: DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory http://www.biologynews.net
http://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-discover-proteins-starring-role-in-genome-stability-and-possibly-cancer-prevention
Küçük mukallit - Hippolais caligata
Fotoğraf: Birol Hatinoğlu Rize -2016
http://www.biyologlar.com/kucuk-mukallit-hippolais-caligata
Phalacrocorax carbo - Karabatak
Fotoğraf: Prof.Dr. Ahmet KARATAŞ
http://www.biyologlar.com/phalacrocorax-carbo-karabatak
T cells use 'handshakes' to sort friends from foes
T cells, the security guards of the immune system, use a kind of mechanical "handshake" to test whether a cell they encounter is a friend or foe, a new study finds.
http://www.biyologlar.com/t-cells-use-handshakes-to-sort-friends-from-foes
First gene linked to temperature sex switch
The sex of many reptile species is set by temperature. New research reported in the journal GENETICS identifies the first gene associated with temperature-dependent sex determination in any reptile.
http://www.biyologlar.com/first-gene-linked-to-temperature-sex-switch
May repairs full of mistakes develop into cancer?
These are DNA double-strand breaks, introduced by ionizing radiation or other mechanisms, are repaired rapidly and precisely in normal cells (right pathway). In contrast, compromised Tel1 activation with inefficient end...
http://www.biyologlar.com/may-repairs-full-of-mistakes-develop-into-cancer
Scientists find that cancer can arise from changes in the proteins that package DNA
In some cancers, including chondroblastoma and a rare form of childhood sarcoma, a mutation in histone H3 reduces global levels of methylation (dark areas) in tumor cells
http://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-find-that-cancer-can-arise-from-changes-in-the-proteins-that-package-dna
Scientists capture the elusive structure of essential digestive enzyme
Stylized graphic of SEC-SAXS data (with cyan cross-section showing the elution profile and magenta cross-section showing scattering profile) and the structure of the activated phenylalanine hydroxylase
http://www.biyologlar.com/scientists-capture-the-elusive-structure-of-essential-digestive-enzyme
Heme, a poisonous nutrient, tracked by 'Green Lantern' sensor
Tailor-made ratiometric sensors make baker's yeast cells light up green, as Georgia Tech scientists use it to track the movements of the essential toxin heme
http://www.biyologlar.com/heme-a-poisonous-nutrient-tracked-by-green-lantern-sensor
Genetic code of red blood cells discovered
Eight days. That's how long it takes for skin cells to reprogram into red blood cells. Researchers at Lund University in Sweden, together with colleagues at Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, have successfully identified the four genetic keys that unlock the genetic code of skin cells and reprogram them to start producing red blood cells instead. "We have performed this experiment on mice, and the preliminary results indicate that it is also possible to reprogram skin cells from humans into red blood cells. One possible application for this technique is to make personalised red blood cells for blood transfusions, but this is still far from becoming a clinical reality", says Johan Flygare, manager of the research group and in charge of the study. Every individual has a unique genetic code, which is a complete instruction manual describing exactly how all the cells in the body are formed. This instruction manual is stored in the form of a specific DNA sequence in the cell nucleus. All human cells -- brain, muscle, fat, bone and skin cells -- have the exact same code. The thing that distinguishes the cells is which chapter of the manual the cells are able to read. The research group in Lund wanted to find out how the cells open the chapter that contains instructions on how to produce red blood cells. The skin cells on which the study was based had access to the instruction manual, but how were the researchers able to get them to open the chapter describing red blood cells? With the help of a retrovirus, they introduced different combinations of over 60 genes into the skin cells' genome, until one day they had successfully converted the skin cells into red blood cells. The study is published in the scientific journal Cell Reports. "This is the first time anyone has ever succeeded in transforming skin cells into red blood cells, which is incredibly exciting", says Sandra Capellera, doctoral student and lead author of the study. The study shows that out of 20,000 genes, only four are necessary to reprogram skin cells to start producing red blood cells. Also, all four are necessary in order for it to work. "It's a bit like a treasure chest where you have to turn four separate keys simultaneously in order for the chest to open", explains Sandra. The discovery is significant from several aspects. Partly from a biological point of view -- understanding how red blood cells are produced and which genetic instructions they require - but also from a therapeutic point of view, as it creates an opportunity to produce red blood cells from the skin cells of a patient. There is currently a lack of blood donors for, for instance, patients with anaemic diseases. Johan Flygare explains: "An ageing population means more blood transfusions in the future. There will also be an increasing amount of people coming from other countries with rare blood types, which means that we will not always have blood to offer them". Red blood cells are the most common cells in the human body, and are necessary in order to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Millions of people worldwide suffer from anaemia -- a condition in which the patient has an insufficient amount of red blood cells. Patients with chronic anaemia are among the most problematic cases. They receive regular blood transfusions from different donors, which can eventually lead to the patient developing a reaction to the new blood. They simply become allergic to the donor's blood. Finding a feasible way to make blood from an individual's own skin cells would bring relief to this group of patients. However, further studies on how the generated blood performs in living organisms are needed. Source: Lund University http://www.biologynews.net/archives/2016/06/02/genetic_code_of_red_blood_cells_discovered.html
http://www.biyologlar.com/genetic-code-of-red-blood-cells-discovered
Biological 'clock' discovered in sea turtle shells
Radiocarbon dating of atomic bomb fallout found in sea turtle shells can be used to reliably estimate the ages, growth rates and reproductive maturity of sea turtle populations in the wild, a new study led by Duke University and NOAA researchers finds. The technique provides more accurate estimates than other methods scientists currently use and may help shed new light on factors influencing the decline and lack of recovery of some endangered sea turtles populations. "The most basic questions of sea turtle life history are also the most elusive," said Kyle Van Houtan, fisheries research ecologist at NOAA's Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and adjunct associate professor at Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment. Van Houtan and his colleagues analyzed hard tissue from the shells of 36 deceased hawksbill sea turtles collected since the 1950s. The turtles either died naturally or were harvested for their decorative shells as part of the global tortoiseshell trade. The researchers worked with federal agencies, law enforcement and museum archives to obtain the specimens. The scientists were able to estimate each turtle's approximate age by comparing the bomb-testing radiocarbon accumulated in its shell to background rates of bomb-testing radiocarbon deposited in Hawaii's corals. Levels of carbon-14 increased rapidly in the biosphere from the mid-1950s to about 1970 as a result of Cold War-era nuclear tests but have dropped at predictable rates since then, allowing scientists to determine the age of an organism based on its carbon-14 content. Van Houtan and his team were able to estimate median growth rates and ages of sexual maturity in the collected specimens by comparing their radiocarbon measurements to those of other wild and captive hawksbill populations whose growth rates were known. This is the first time carbon-14 dating of shell tissue has been used to estimate age, growth and maturity in sea turtles. Previously, scientists employed other, less precise methods such as using turtle length as a proxy for age, or analyzing the incomplete growth layers in hollow bone tissue. The researchers published their peer-reviewed research Jan. 6, 2016, in the Proceedings of Royal Society B. Aside from giving scientists a more reliable tool for estimating turtle growth and maturity, Van Houtan believes the new technique sheds light on why some populations -- including Hawaiian hawksbills, the smallest sea turtle population on Earth -- aren't rebounding as quickly as expected despite years of concerted conservation. "Our analysis finds that hawksbills in the Hawaii population deposit eight growth lines annually, which suggests that females begin breeding at 29 years -- significantly later than any other hawksbill population in the world. This may explain why they haven't yet rebounded," Van Houtan said. The bomb radiocarbon tests also indicate another red flag, he said. "They appear to have been omnivores as recently as the 1980s. Now, they appear to be primarily herbivores. Such a dramatic decline in their food supply could delay growth and maturity, and may reflect ecosystem changes that are quite ominous in the long term for hawksbill populations in Hawaii," he said. Although the new research focused primarily on Hawaiian hawksbills, bomb radiocarbon dating could be used to study other hawksbill populations, or populations from other sea turtle species, worldwide. Source: Duke University http://www.biologynews.net
http://www.biyologlar.com/biological-clock-discovered-in-sea-turtle-shells